The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Update on a Low GWP Refrigerant:
`Fluid H
`
`Mark W. Spatz
`Global Leader Refrigerant Technology
`Honeywell Fluorine Products
`
`SAE 2007 Alternatives Refrigerant Systems Symposium
`July 17-19, 2007
`
`1 of 51
`
`Arkema Exhibit 1081
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`Update on a Low GWP Refrigerant:
`Fluid H
`
`Mark W. Spatz
`Global Leader Refrigerant Technology
`Honeywell Fluorine Products
`
`SAE 2007 Alternatives Refrigerant Systems Symposium
`July 17-19, 2007
`
`1 of 51
`
`Arkema Exhibit 1081
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`The miracles a/science‘
`
`Agenda
`
`- Material compatibility
`
`- Stability
`
`- Environmental
`
`- Toxicity
`
`- Performance
`
`- Servicing
`
`2of51
`
`
`
`The miracles afsciencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Compatible Materials are Available
`-
`-
`Standard Veneer Hose
`m I n I -S h
`Permeation [glmld] on STD Veneer Hose ID13
`-Baseline R134a & Drop-in Fluid H
`
`'Acceptab|e level of leakage and selective
`permeation obtained using same scaling
`
`factor as R-134a.
`
`-The materials and hoses used (type B) was
`shown by an independent lab to have
`
`alternatives with reduced permeation.
`Pemieation [glmly] on Artic3 Veneer Hose ID13
`LeakRate
`
`Artic3 Veneer Hose
`
`3of51
`
`
`
`The miracles a/science"
`
`Honeywell
`
`Improved Stability Results With POE Lubricants
`
`Significant progress made in optimizing POE formulations for
`Fluid H.
`
`- Several lubricant producers have formulated commercial POE
`lubricants
`
`— Pass test at 175 C, 33% saturated water with copper, steel and aluminum
`
`— Some copper discoloration
`
`- Other lubricant companies continue to evaluate PAGs, POEs and
`Alkyl benzene lubricants
`
`- Honeywell compressor testing
`
`— Fixed displacement compressor passes 400 hour test
`
`— Variable displacement compressor test recently completed.
`
`4of5l
`
`
`
`The miracles a/science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`CPI Demonstrated Good Stability with Fluid H
`
`- Sealed Tube: 190°C for 24 hr
`
`— No visual lubricant change
`
`— No solids or deposits
`
`— TAN <2 mg KOH/g
`
`- Sealed Tube: 175°C for 14 days
`
`— No visual lubricant change
`
`— No solids or deposits
`
`— TAN <2 mg KOH/g
`
`- 190C 24hr TAN significantly lower
`
`5of51
`
`
`
`‘
`
`fire miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`CPI Results: Sealed tube results at 190°Cl24hr
`
`190°CI24 hrs
`Sample 1
`
`2.1
`
`Sample 7
`
`Sample 8
`
`6of51
`
`
`
`‘imm’
`
`The mlmdes afsciencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Sealed tube results at 175°C for 2 weeks
`
`Copper Side
`
`Aluminum/Steel Side
`
`7of51
`
`
`
`The miracles ofscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Additional Stable Oils for Fluid H
`
`rfis
`
`E”
`
`°
`
`ISO VG 80 POE Thermal Stability
`
`- Sealed Tube Test 30%F|uid H, Cu, Al, and Fe
`
`- No Oil Discoloration, No Deposits Observed
`190°C I 24h
`175°C I 2 wks
`
`
`
`Water
`
`~35 ppm
`
`~35 ppm
`
`TAN
`
`1 .3
`
`Copper Matt
`
`8of51
`
`
`
`‘
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Encouraging Compressor Test Results with Latest Lubricants
`
`- Honeywell compressor testing
`
`Fixed Displacement Compressor
`
`— Low charge, high pressure,
`heated compressor environment.
`
`— Fixed displacement compressor
`passed 400 hour test
`
`- No unusual wear
`
`- All parts appeared bright
`
`- Very low TAN (below 0.2)
`
`- Visually the oil remained clear
`(like original).
`
`—Variable displacement clutchless
`compressor recently completed
`same test.
`
`- No significant change in
`lubricant chemistry
`
`- Awaiting tear-down analysis.
`
`9of51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Favorable Environmental Properties of Fluid H
`
`- 1234yf:
`Atmospheric chemistry determined at University of Copenhagen.
`
`Atmospheric lifetime is 12 days via reaction with *OH radicals in the
`atmosphere.
`Direct GWP1oo = 4.
`ODP = 0
`
`- CF3l:
`Atmospheric chemistry previously determined.
`
`CF3l decomposes photolytically.
`Atmospheric Lifetime is 1-4 days in air, in sunlight.
`Direct GWP1oo ~ 1.
`Study to update 2D ODP values and extend to 3D completed.
`- Results for both 2D & 3D = 0.006
`
`- Applying these values to the blend of 70% 1234yf and 30% CF3l results in
`an ODP of 0.002 for Fluid H.
`
`- The study that developed these values will soon be published.
`
`10
`
`10 of 51
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Recent Toxicity Update
`
`- 1234yf:
`
`— Completed 90 exposure study
`
`- NOEL = 50,000 (highest value tested)
`
`— Completed genomic carcinogenicity test
`
`- Findings: 1234yf non-carcinogenic
`
`— Honeywell AEL established at 1000 ppm
`
`(same as R-134a).
`
`- CF3|:
`
`— Completed genomic carcinogenicity test
`
`- Findings: CF3l non carcinogenic
`
`11 of 51
`
`
`
`iflllllllli
`
`the miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`- Results of numerous tests
`
`conducted by OEMs and Tier 1’s
`show comparable capacity with
`minimal hardware change and
`potential for equivalent COP with
`optimization.
`
`- Example: Valeo results
`presented at recent VTMS
`meeting.
`
`‘I
`
`Ev0'vul.on or the NC loop £00
`
`1! -—---———--—~—-«———-« . fill)‘. gpmgg .q‘,vu ;—-———-
`
`A-
`
`
`
`l'l
`mi
`
`_
`
`.
`
`Evolution of the avapotator blown alt temperature
`
`in-134:
`
`zriuum IR-14.4".
`
`Fcmpnraluve
`
`I'll:
`
`Ccoluown 3'
`
`Cochsowv IO
`
`Caoduvm an‘
`
`M4 :3
`
`bmfuuor at me Ionconunlun inhalant: J! the «mentor math!
`
`'14‘
`
`;,_II.IMa
`
`luau lI'u-
`
`—
`
`—
`
`—pp.au-p-.
`
`12
`
`12 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles alscience
`
`Honeywell
`
`Use Std. Servicing Procedures & Equipment
`
`.---.-..
`' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
`
`_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,
`_ _ _- -
`
`Dotted lines indicate default blend tolerance of +I- 2% of
`each component
`
`Original
`(cylinder)
`
`Initial Vehicle
`
`Sample #1
`
`Sam pie #2
`
`Sample #3
`
`50% Leak
`
`Internal
`Cylinder
`
`-Testsperformedon
`standard recycling
`
`80%
`
`70%
`
`60%
`":1ig cycles performed
`E 50%
`followed by a
`simulated 50% leak. §
`— No change in
`g ‘°’
`composition in
`g
`internal tank.
`3 3°"/~
`
`- R-134a leak detectors
`can be uSed_
`
`20%
`
`10%
`
`0%
`
`13
`
`13 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Conclusions
`
`Honeywell
`
`Significant progress made in the development of this refrigerant.
`Stability continues to improve with latest generation lubricants.
`Compatible materials are available.
`Lower leak rates than 134a production component system
`demonstrated with next generation seal and hose materials.
`Favorable environmental & toxicity results.
`Results of performance evaluations are promising especially in
`optimized systems.
`Aftermarket service procedures unchanged from R-134a.
`This refrigerant continues to show promise as a cost-effective
`LGWP replacement for R-134a.
`
`DISCLAIMER
`
`Although all statements and lnfonnation contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable. they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any
`kind, expressed or implied. lnfonnation provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of canying out its own tests and experiments, and
`the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the lnfonnation and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and
`processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any
`patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.
`
`14
`
`14 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`DP-1 Update — Low GWP
`MAC Refrigerant
`
`Barbara Minor
`
`Engineering Fellow
`DuPont Fluoroproducts
`
`SAE 2007 Alternatives Refrigerant Systems
`Symposium July 17-19, 2007
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Topics
`
`—Environmental
`
`—Safety
`
`—Compatibi|ity
`
`—DP-1 Optimization
`
`—|ndustry Performance Testing
`
`—Conclusions
`
`16 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`DP—1: Excellent Environmental/Safety
`Properties
`
`- Zero-ODP
`
`- Very Low GWP:
`
`— Estimated at 30-35 (well below EU 150 limit)
`
`— Provides margin for uncertainty involving future changes in GWP
`determination (SAR, TAR, SROC)
`
`— 3”‘ party measurements in progress; final paper — July/07
`
`- Non—flammable (by ASHRAE Std 34 and ASTM 681 under
`all required scenarios)
`
`- Improved LCCP versus CO2 and 134a
`
`17 of 51
`
`
`
`tiflfllillli
`
`me miracies of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Determination of DP-1 GWP and Degradation Products
`
`Work on new compound being conducted at
`
`NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division (CSD)
`Dr. A.R. Ravishankara, Acting Director
`
`"C50: Understanding. Our _(_2o*mfp|ex Atmosphere.
`
`The Stratospheric
`Ozone Layer
`
`Being carried out by a team with long
`history of CFC-substitute
`
`The %i;ehmIstiry, Rfaaiatlon, and
`\_
`am as o
`Imahe
`Lf ’\
`.-~~._
`{
`‘rx
`\ r A-
`
`-
`
`"
`
`,
`Reglona
`Tropospheric
`Chemistry
`
`.\__
`K3“
`
`
`
`State—of-Understanding Assessments:
`Relating Science to Information Needs
`
`18
`
`18 of 51
`
`studies
`
`A. R. Ravishankara
`
`R. K . Talukdar
`
`J. B. Burkholder
`
`V. Padadimitriou
`
`R. Portmann
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Status of NOAA Scientists’ Testing of New Compound
`
`-
`
`Initial GWP determination is complete
`
`— Estimated GWP for DP—1 is about 30-35
`
`— Lifetime of new compound is about 10 days
`
`- Path Forward
`
`— Further investigation of degradation pathways and products to
`ensure no “show stoppers”
`
`— More detailed GWP calculation based on 3-D model results for
`
`atmospheric distribution of short lived compounds
`
`— “Smog chamber” studies to investigate VOC properties
`
`— Preparation and publication of papers with results from above
`studies and presentation to EU
`
`19
`
`19 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Toxicity Status — New Compound
`
`Test
`
`Status
`
`Acute — short term (e.g. vehicle driver)
`
`4 hour LC50
`
`Ames
`
`In vitro chrom ab
`
`In vivo micronucleus
`
`Cardiac sensitization
`
`Repeated dose — long term (e.g. mfr/service)
`
`28 day inhalation
`
`90 day inhalation
`
`Developmental/reproductive
`
`
`
`20 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`DP—1: Excellent Plastics Compatibility
`- Compatible with Apollo ND8 at 100°C for two weeks
`
`Refrigerant
`
`Rat
`
`_
`24 h Post
`‘"9 Weight Chg. °/o
`
`Physical
`
`Change
`
`Pol ester
`
`4.8
`
`Polyethylene Terephthalate
`
`Pol
`
`imide
`
`Refrigerant
`
`Pol ester
`
`24 h Post
`Rating weight Chg. %
`
`Physical
`
`Change
`
`Polyethylene Terephthalate
`
`Pol
`
`imide
`
`Rating 0 = weight gain < 1 and physical change = 0
`1 = weight gain > 1 and < 10 and/or physical change = 2
`2 = weight gain > 10 and/or physical change = 2
`
`21
`
`21 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`DP-1: Excellent Elastomers Compatibility
`— Compatible with Apollo ND8 at 100°C for two weeks
`
`Refrigerant
`
`Elastomers
`
`Rating
`
`24 h Post
`
`24 h Post
`
`Linear Swell Weight
`O/o
`Gain °/o
`
`24 h Post
`Delta
`Hardness
`
`‘ eoprene
`
`
`.“U1
`
`But
`
`I rubber
`
`Refrigerant
`
`Elastomers
`
`Rating
`
`24 h Post
`
`24 h Post
`
`Linear Swell Weight
`0/0
`Gain °/o
`
`24 h Post
`Delta
`
`Hardness
`
`Neoprene
`WRT
`
`Bu I rubber
`
`Rating:
`
`0 < 10% weight gain and < 10% Linear swell and < 10 hardness change
`1 > 10% weight gain or > 10% Linear swell or > 10 hardness change
`2 > 10% weight gain and > 10% Linear swell and > 10 hardness change
`
`22 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`No Significant Issues with Temperature Glide
`
`kIR h
`
`F
`
`ec arge roma ys em
`
`S t
`
`DP-1V
`
`L
`
`apor ea
`
`105%
`
`.
`
`. DP_1capacItydrops
`only about 5% after
`multiple leaks and
`recharges of the
`
`system,
`
`- COP increases slightly
`
`- No performance or
`design issues dueto
`glide identified during
`partner testing
`
`23 of 51
`
`
`
`RelativeCapacityorCOP
`
`95%
`
`90%
`
`85%
`
`8°%
`
`+ Delta cop
`
`+ Delta Cap
`
`°
`
`'
`'
`*
`'
`*
`5
`4
`3
`2
`‘
`Number of LeaksIRecharges
`
`5
`
`
`
`The miracles a)'science'
`
`Honeywell
`
`Third Party DP-1 Soft Optimization Recommendations
`
`- Adjust evaporator pressure for DP-1 to about 10%
`less than R134a (e.g. 270 kPa DP-1 vs 300 kPa R134a).
`
`- For orifice tube, go to next lower diameter size versus
`R134a, also to achieve lower evaporating pressure
`
`- Target subcooling similar to R134a
`
`— Increase charge size of DP-1 about 5—10%
`
`— Because DP-1 discharge pressure is lower than
`R134a, there is room to increase charge size
`
`- Target superheat similar or slightly less (e.g. 1-2°C)
`than R134a due to temperature glide
`
`24 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`DP-1 Equipment Optimization Options
`
`Honeywell
`
`- Modify evaporator to achieve counter-current flow which can
`provide an advantage for a glide refrigerant such as DP-1
`
` Fiure 1S Simle tank evaorator 4 asses
`
`Fiure 28 Multi tank evaorator 4 asses
`
`- Optional internal heat exchanger also increased capacity
`4-7% and COP 2.5-4% (not used in following tests)
`
`25 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Cooling Capacity and COP in an Optimized System —
`30°C Ambient Temperature
`
`Cooling capacity for 30 °C
`
`COP for 30 °C
`
`2900
`
`2700
`
`2500
`
`2300
`
`2100
`
`1900
`
`1700
`
`1500
`
`1300
`
`1100
`
`900
`
`700
`
`
`
`
`
`Coolingcapacity[W]
`
`
`
`1 60/450
`
`260/ 1 1 50
`
`360/1750
`
`360/ 1 750
`
`160/450
`
`260/1 150
`
`Air flow couples Ev I Cond [m3Ih]
`
`
`Air flow couples Ev I Cond [m3Ih]
`
`
`
`26 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science-
`
`Honeywell
`
`Cooling Capacity and COP in an Optimized System —
`40°C Ambient Temperature
`
`Cooling capacity for 40 °C
`
`COP for 40 °C
`
`3500
`
`3300
`
`3100
`
`2900
`
`2700
`
`2500
`
`2300
`
`2100
`
`1900
`
`1700
`
`1500
`
`1300
`
`1100
`
`
`
`
`
`Coolingcapacity[W]
`
`Air flow couples Evl Cond [m3Ih]
`
`Air flow couples Ev I Cond [m3Ih]
`
`
`
`27
`
`27 of 51
`
`160/450 260/1150
`
`1 60/450
`
`260/ 1 150
`
`360/1750
`
`360/1 750
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`DP-1: Industry Performance Testing
`
`-
`
`Industry-wide testing in progress across all regions and levels
`
`- OEM and Tier 1 direct substitution (TXV adj. only) evaluations — very
`encouraging results
`
`— Energy efficiency (COP) equivalent or better than R134a
`
`— Modest capacity deficit of approximately 5-10%
`
`- Significant improvements demonstrated via minor component
`
`optimization
`_
`_
`_
`_
`DP-1 direct substitution (TXV ad]. Only)
`‘O
`-
`'
`.
`.--‘.
`l 5
`
`DP-1 average COP 5-10% better than R134a at
`e uivalent ca ac“
`
`
`
`3.5
`
`‘I
`
`3
`
`25
`
`
`
`I143 ten‘-po'aluiu
`
`R
`
`E
`
`S
`
`8Roomiomporaturwc) S
`
`1;§;i[ii-q-u.:.L.iiii /,4 ’.',*,.
`.
`‘
`I .'
`‘.
`‘° '.~.>~;t.\»L~.',«’2rl.ii»l«%i..-'.
`'.‘»»'w.*.~’~*
`'1 v,J‘\’J._J 1 ,_
`V I4
`_‘.
`‘V
`4
`RV
`\
`‘
`°o
`5
`:0
`is
`20 DP 1
`;2J;m‘$m3,o '
`Tlme (mlnj
`
`28 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles a)'science'
`
`DP—1 Conclusions
`
`Honeywell
`
`— Excellent environmental properties (zero—ODP, very
`low GWP, low LCCP)
`
`— Low acute toxicity, some repeated dose effects
`
`—Compatible with current R-134a materials
`
`—Cooling capacity similar to R—134a can be achieved
`with minor component optimization
`
`— Potential for improved energy efficiency versus R-
`134a
`
`—Significant progress by OEMs and Tier 1s in test
`evaluations
`
`29 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH — Joint
`Collaboration Between DuPont
`
`and Honeywell
`
`Mark Spatz
`
`Honeywell
`
`Barbara Minor
`
`DuPont
`
`SAE 2007 Alternatives Refrigerant Systems Symposium
`
`July 17-19, 2007
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Introduction
`
`Honeywell
`
`- Refrigerant JDH - product ofjoint Honeywell and
`DuPont effort.
`
`- Formulated utilizing technology strengths of both
`companies
`
`- Formulated with existing molecules of Fluid H
`and DP-1
`
`— Previous property and performance information can
`be leveraged
`
`31 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Refrigerant JDH
`
`Honeywell
`
`— Two component blend
`— Excellent environmental properties (zero-ODP, very
`low GWP, good LCCP)
`— Low acute toxicity
`— Non—f|ammab|e
`
`— Low fractionation (temperature glide = O.5°C)
`— Low hose permeation
`— Compatible with current R-134a MAC technology
`—Targeted for all climates and all vehicles
`
`32 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles olsciena-'
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH Properties Provide Better
`Match for R-134a than CO2
`
`
` I
`
`PT Chart
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`-40
`
`-20
`
`0
`
`20
`
`40
`
`60
`
`80
`
`100
`
`Temperature (C)
`
`33 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles afscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH - Excellent Environmental
`Properties
`
`- Zero—ODP
`
`- Very Low GWP:
`
`— 100 yr experimentally determined to be 4 (well below EU 150
`limit)
`
`— Provides margin for uncertainty involving future changes in
`GWP determination (SAR, TAR, SROC)
`
`- Improved LCCP versus enhanced CO2 and enhanced
`R—134a
`
`— Planning to perform detailed LCCP calculations based system
`performance results
`
`34 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles olscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH is Non—F|ammab|e
`
`- Multiple conditions are modeled to insure non—flammabi|ity in worst
`case scenarios:
`
`— Worst case formulation (WCF) at 100°C, 50% RH
`— Worst case fractionated formulation (WCFF) at 60°C, 50% RH
`90% full at 54.4°C
`
`90% full at bubble point plus 10°C
`90% full at 23°C
`
`15% full at 60°C
`
`15% full at bubble point plus 10°C
`
`I
`}
`
`Simulatingleaksfromstoragecontainers
`Simulating leaksfromequipment
`
`- Worst case formulations were confirmed experimentally
`
`- Refrigerant JDH is non-flammable per ASTM-681 and ASHRAE
`Standard 34
`
`35 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles a)'science'
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH Toxicity Status
`
`- Acute toxicity testing for the components of
`Refrigerant JDH are complete with excellent
`results — JDH has low acute toxicity
`
`- Sub—acute/chronic toxicity tests are in
`progress for Refrigerant JDH — Initial results
`expected 3-4Q’O7
`
`36 of 51
`
`
`
`<fllIElIflI2
`
`memlrudesafsdencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH has Excellent Thermal Stability
`Refrigerant JDH and Nippon GS10 PAG 175°C, 2 weeks
`
`37
`
`37 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracle: afsciencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Thermal Stability - Continued
`Refrigerant JDH with ND8 175°C for 2 weeks
`
`300 ppm Watfil‘
`
`4000 ppm water
`
`
`
`33%
`
`38 of 51
`
`
`
`‘imllli
`
`The miracle afsciencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Thermal Stability — Continued
`Refrigerant JDH and Nippon POE 13 190°C 14 days
`
`
`
`Time M TAN
`Temp °c
`33
`
`Good Stability even at 190°C for two weeks.
`
`This is an extremely severe test.
`
`39 of 51
`
`
`
`The mimcles afsciencr
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH: Excellent Plastics Compatibility
`Apollo ND8 PAG at 100°C for two weeks
`
`Pol ester
`
`Polyethylene Terephthalate
`
`Pol
`
`imide
`
`Pol ester
`
`Polyethylene Terephthalate
`
`Pol
`
`imide
`
`Rating 0 = weight gain < 1 and physical change = 0
`
`1 = weight gain > 1 and < 10 and/or physical change = 2
`
`2 = weight gain > 10 and/or physical change = 2
`
`40 of 51
`
`
`
`The mimdes afsciencr
`
`Refrigerant JDH: Excellent Elastomers Compatibility-
`Apollo ND8 PAG at 100°C for two weeks
`
`Honeywell
`
`T EEE
`
`AI
`
`i23iE1I:I_‘E:‘1I-
`jEEE§'4'1Z:Zfi_d
`t Bu lrubber 21111121
`
`WRT Z
`
`jjllfi-IEIZIKJ
`jjlléjzijfiljfl-Z1
`kZ3.'iIE]IZ2iZ1ZEXj
`jE@1nZ!:-is
`jj211:—1xr11
`
`Rating:
`
`41 of 51
`
`0 < 10% weight gain and < 10% Linear swell and < 10 hardness change
`
`1 > 10% weight gain or > 10% Linear swell or > 10 hardness change
`
`2 > 10% weight gain and > 10% Linear swell and > 10 hardness change
`
`
`
`The miracles olsciena-'
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH: Excellent Miscibility with PAG
`Lubflcant
`
`R134a and JDH Miscibility with Apollo PAG
`
`A JDH High
`
`I
`
`\l$010101
`Temperature(C)8an
`duo:men
`
`
`
`Lon
`
`>0
`
`>0
`
`9
`
`9
`
`5
`-65
`
`0
`
`10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
`
`Wt% Oil in Refrigerant
`
`42
`
`42 of 51
`
`- R134a Low
`
`- R134a High
`
`o JDH Low
`
`
`
`The miracles of science
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH — Low Hose Permeation
`
`-Test conducted with low permeation hose for R-134a and near JDH
`
`formulation at 80C for 28 days (SAE Std J2064):
`
`Leak Rate:
`
`R134a
`
`0.45 kg/m2/yr
`
`JDH
`
`0.07 kg/m2/yr
`
`Hose Permeation Test - Refrigerant Loss Rate
`
`Pas
`
`0.5
`
`0.4
`
`0'3
`
`-o—134a
`
`E 0.2
`0
`_G
`-§
`M
`
`0.1
`
`o
`
`-0.1
`
`43 of 51
`
`o
`
`1oo
`
`zoo
`
`3oo
`
`4oo
`
`soo
`
`soo
`
`7oo
`
`300
`
`Time (Hours)
`
`EE
`
`9 3
`
`3‘E
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Comparable Thermodynamic Cycle Performance
`
`- The performance of JDH was calculated using thermodynamic properties
`
`- The following typical alc conditions were utilized:
`
`— 5°C Evaporator Temperature.
`
`— 50°C Condenser Temperature.
`
`— 5°K Superheat & Subcooling.
`
`— 70% Compressor lsentropic Efficiency.
`
`
`Temp.
` Evaporator Condenser Discharge
`
`.
`Ca
`'
`Relative Relative
`Relative
`Pressure
`Pressure
`TemP-
`Glide
`pacigty
`n°
`
`Capacity
`
`COP
`
`Mass Flow
`
`kJIm
`
`70
`
`2373
`
`100% 100°o
`
`100%
`
`iifl
`55?I5!
`
`
`Hid,
`
`
`
`Refrigerant JDH
`
`44 of 51
`
`
`
`
`
`97%
`
`112%
`
`83%
`
`
`
`The miracles olsciena-'
`
`Honeywell
`
`System Performance Bench Test Facility
`
`Wind tunnels constructed to test automotive alc system similar to SAE testing.
`
`System tested: Opel Astra alc system manufactured by Delphi.
`Measurements made:
`
`— Refrigerant circuit:
`- Temp. and pressure at inlet & outlet of all major components.
`- Mass flow.
`
`— Compressor torque and rpm
`— Air side:
`
`- DB temperature distribution inlout of evaporator and condenser.
`- Dew point inlout of evaporator.
`
`OUTDOOR
`ROOM <3
`
`Blower
`(coupled to a VFD)
`
`Air-Flow
`
`Measuring Nozzles
`
`INDOOR
`
`Temperature
`Grids
`
`Evaporator
`
`r Sampling
`(inlet)
`
`45
`
`45 of 51
`
`
`
`The mirades alscience‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Industry Common Test Points Selected
`
`Ambient
`tem .
`p
`
`Test
`Name
`
`Compressor
`
`Speed
`
`Condenser
`F
`ace
`Velocity
`[m/s]
`
`Temp.
`
`I Evhépfrator
`T _
`ypma V9 we
`Humidity Mass f.|°w
`[kg/mm]
`
`Temp.
`
`53
`
`35
`35
`
`01
`25
`25
`25
`25
`
`25
`
`35
`35
`
`NMN030303U1U101U1U10‘!
`
`o
`3:0
`
`0D
`
`Targeted air
`temp.
`downstream of
`e a orator
`V P
`
`I t d
`S_
`'"“’a e
`air
`.
`selection
`
`RECIRC
`RECIRC
`RECIRC
`RECIRC
`RECIRC
`OSA
`OSA
`OSA
`OSA
`
`Oi(DU)
`
`8>
`
`8888>>>>
`88888>>>>>>>
`
`35
`35
`35
`
`NU1
`
`0U1
`
`25
`
`25
`25
`
`1 800
`2500
`4000
`
`1 800
`2500
`4000
`
`1 800
`
`2500
`4000
`
`Z2
`Z1
`11
`
`---
`
`—'Z
`
`1
`If
`
`Ifr1
`
`E1EEE-
`
`2000 XE-I-ZIKjI1—':
`
`46 of 51
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`WCaD.ac
`
`HDJI
`
`m_H_
`
`fire mlmdes of science‘
`
`Pm./.mmwfH58e..lbD9s0JsowmmgS..m..w..M%Tea
` .mmmmwm.mmaomm%.mamammr.m%.;WmDesomde
`tZmm.m.muu.m:;$mm.S..._u..__odn...namyRN.mMc
`
`_m.m
`
`ET..lon
`
`S2:
`
`line).
`
`COP
`
`t
`
`S87654321
`
`0
`
`IJDH El R134a
`
`3.
`
`m3
`
`3.:
`
`3:
`
`8.
`
`3.
`
`3..
`
`3:
`
`mm:
`
`_
`
`on3..
`
`03.mu...
`
`8.mm...
`
`on..=s_
`
`«Ease
`
`111
`
`5‘:
`
`nunSI1654321044446444
`
`
`
`6.o2!&..I._.81.33
`
`3.
`
`3..
`
`mes.
`
`3...
`
`S.
`
`3.
`
`3..
`
`mas.
`
`3...
`
`on3..
`
`02.3..
`
`02.max
`
`onm:2
`
`mmfico
`
`47
`
`47 of 51
`
`Evan. Outlet
`
`Comp. Inlet
`
`
`
`
`
`¢flflII]]I)
`
`fire miracles of science-
`
`Honeywell
`
`Uniform Evaporator Outlet Air Temperature Profile
`at Low & High Flow Conditions
`
`Inlet4.
`
`R134a
`
`
`
`Inlet
`
`JDH
`
`
`
`JDH
`
`
`
`I 8.5-9.0
`I 8.0-8.5
`I 7.5-8.0
`I 7.0-7.5
`CI 6.5-7.0
`CI 6.0-6.5
`El 5.5-6.0
`I 5.0-5.5
`I 4.5-5.0
`I 4.04.5
`I 3.5-4.0
`I 3.0-3.5
`
`I 15.5-16.0
`I 15.0-15.5
`I 14.5-15.0
`I 14.0-14.5
`I 13.5-14.0
`I 13.0-13.5
`El 12.5-13.0
`El 12.0-12.5
`El 11.5-12.0
`I 1 1.0-11.5
`I 10.5-11.0
`I 10.0-10.5
`I 9.5—10.0
`I 9.0-9.5
`
`
`-—:.—u—.::
`
`R134a
`
`H45
`
`Inlet4.
`
`I45
`
`48 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Honeywell
`
`Refrigerant JDH Can Utilize Standard Recycling
`Procedures & Equipment
`
`- Tests were performed using a production Robinair 34788
`recoverylrecycling unit intended for R-134a.
`
`- Testing Sequence:
`
`— Internal cylinder charged with 7 kg. of Refrigerant JDH.
`
`— Standard charging procedure utilized.
`
`— Vehicle run for one hour then shut-down for 24 or more hours.
`
`— Slow vapor leak (50% by mass) simulated.
`
`— The above three steps were repeated five times.
`
`— Samples collected from internal cylinder and vehicle after each
`
`recharge.
`
`- The refrigerant collected in the cylinder after each vapor leak was also
`analyzed.
`
`- Results: No significant change in the composition. Only a
`1% change in composition within the recycling unit’s
`cyflnden
`
`
`
`49
`
`49 of 51
`
`
`
`Honeywell
`
`The miracles of science‘
`
`Refrigerant JDH
`
`—Exce||ent environmental properties (zero-
`ODP, very low GWP, good LCCP
`
`—Low acute toxicity, repeated dose tests in
`progress
`
`—Non-flammable
`
`—Low fractionation (temperature glide = O.5°C)
`—Low hose permeation
`—Compatible with current R-134a MAC
`technology
`—Targeted for all climates and all vehicles
`
`50 of 51
`
`
`
`The miracles olsciena-'
`
`Path Forward
`
`Honeywell
`
`- Provide data to OEMs for DP-1, Fluid H and Refrigerant JDH
`for use in their risk assessments
`
`- Identify mitigation options to address any potential issues, as
`have been developed for CO2
`
`- Support system, component, and vehicle testing per OEM
`guidance
`
`- Secure OEM forecasted demand for future EU conversion
`
`- Converge to best candidate based on industry feedback
`
`- Support global convergence to one solution
`
`DISCLAINIER
`
`Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without
`guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility
`of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results
`obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that
`any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that
`all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.
`
`51
`
`51 of 51
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