IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`E. EDDIE BAKHASH
`In re Patent of:
`8,881,048
` Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`U.S. Patent No.:
`November 4, 2014
`
`Issue Date:
`Appl. Serial No.: 12/751,879
`
`Filing Date:
`March 31, 2010
`
`Title:
`SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING THREE-
`DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF UNITED STATES PATENT
`NO. 8,881,048 PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42
`
`
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`
`I. 
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 
`II. 
`CONVENTIONS OF THE PETITION ........................................................... 3 
`III.  REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR—37 C.F.R. §42.104 ......................................... 3 
`A.  Standing—37 C.F.R. §42.104(a) .............................................................. 3 
`B.  The Challenge and Relief Requested—37 C.F.R. §42.104(b) ................. 3 
`IV.  PUBLIC AVAILABILITY .............................................................................. 4 
`V. 
`THE ’048 PATENT ......................................................................................... 5 
`A.  Subject Matter Description ....................................................................... 5 
`1. 
`Background of the Technology ....................................................... 5 
`2.  Description of the ’048 Patent ......................................................... 8 
`B.  Prosecution History ................................................................................. 11 
`VI.  LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL .................................................................. 13 
`VII.  CLAIM CONSTRUCTION—37 C.F.R. §§ 42.104(b)(3) ............................ 13 
`VIII.  THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE .......................... 14 
`A.  GROUND 1: Claims 1-18 are obvious over Robertson, Gralla, and
`Gettman ................................................................................................... 14 
`1. 
`Robertson (EX1004)...................................................................... 14 
`2.  Gralla (EX1005) ............................................................................ 16 
`3.  Gettman (EX1006) ........................................................................ 17 
`4. 
`The Robertson-Gralla-Gettman Combination ............................... 18 
`5. 
`Element-by-Element Analysis ....................................................... 25 
`B.  GROUND 2: Claims 1-18 are obvious over Sauve and Tsuda .............. 54 
`1. 
`Sauve (EX1007) ............................................................................ 54 
`2. 
`Tsuda (EX1008) ............................................................................ 56 
`3. 
`The Sauve-Tsuda Combination ..................................................... 57 
`4. 
`Element-by-Element Analysis ....................................................... 61 
`C.  Any Secondary Considerations Evidence Patent Owner Might Produce
`Could Not Save the Challenged Claims ................................................. 85 
`IX.  ANALYSIS ON DISCRETION .................................................................... 87 
`A.  35 U.S.C. §325(d) ................................................................................... 87 
`B.  35 U.S.C. §314(a) ................................................................................... 88 
`1. 
`Factor 1: Petitioner Requested a Stay ........................................... 88 
`2. 
`Factor 2: The Board’s Statutory Timeline is More Reliable Than
`the District Court’s ........................................................................ 89 
`
`i
`
`

`

`3. 
`
`4. 
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`Factor 3: Petitioner’s Diligence and Investment in IPR Favors
`Institution ....................................................................................... 90 
`Factor 4: The Petition’s Grounds are Materially Different from
`Any That Might be Raised in Litigation ....................................... 90 
`Factor 5: Parties in Parallel Proceedings ....................................... 90 
`5. 
`Factor 6: The Merits Compel Institution ....................................... 91 
`6. 
`X. 
`FEES—37 C.F.R. §42.103 ............................................................................ 91 
`XI.  MANDATORY NOTICES—37 C.F.R §42.8(a)(1) ..................................... 92 
`A.  Real Party-In-Interest—37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(1) ....................................... 92 
`B.  Related Matters—37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(2) ................................................ 92 
`C.  Lead And Back-Up Counsel—37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(3) ............................ 92 
`D.  Service Information ................................................................................ 93 
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ii
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`
`
`EXHIBITS
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048 File History
`
`Declaration of Dr. Henry Fuchs
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,414,677 (“Robertson”)
`
`Preston Gralla, Que, HOW THE INTERNET WORKS (6th Ed. 2002)
`(“Gralla”)
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2005/0086612 (“Gettman”)
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2006/0230356 (“Sauve”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,577,330 (“Tsuda”)
`
`Reserved
`
`Stuart K. Card, et al., ACM Conference on Human Factors in
`Computing Systems (CHI), THE INFORMATION VISUALIZER, AN
`INFORMATION WORKSPACE (1991)
`
`Robertson, et al., ACM Symposium on User Interface Software
`and Technology (UIST), THE DOCUMENT LENS (1993)
`
`Robertson, et al., Communications of the ACM, Vol. 36, No. 4,
`INFORMATION VISUALIZATION USING 3D INTERACTIVE
`ANIMATION (1993)
`
`3D DESKTOP PROJECT BY SUN MICROSYSTEMS: A
`REVOLUTIONARY EVOLUTION OF TODAY’S DESKTOP (2004)
`
`EX1001
`
`EX1002
`
`EX1003
`
`EX1004
`
`EX1005
`
`EX1006
`
`EX1007
`
`EX1008
`
`EX1009
`
`EX1010
`
`EX1011
`
`EX1012
`
`EX1013
`
`EX1014
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,880,733
`
`iii
`
`

`

`EX1015
`
`EX1016
`
`EX1017
`
`EX1018
`
`EX1019
`
`EX1020
`
`EX1021
`
`EX1022
`
`EX1023
`
`EX1024
`
`EX1025
`
`EX1026
`
`EX1027
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`European Patent Application No. 0 856 786
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,909,443
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,661,426
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2003/0142136
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2006/0107229
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2006/0161861
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2005/0057497
`
`Hideya Kawahara, et al., X Developer’s Conference, PROJECT
`LOOKING GLASS: 3D DESKTOP EXPLORATION (2004)
`
`Andy Cockburn, et al., IT&Society, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp. 159-
`183, IMPROVING WEB PAGE REVISITATION: ANALYSIS, DESIGN
`AND EVALUATION (2003)
`
`Andy Cockburn, et al., WEBVIEW: A GRAPHICAL AID FOR
`REVISITING WEB PAGES (1999)
`
`Natalie Jhaveri, et al., ACM Conference on Human Factors in
`Computing Systems (CHI), THE ADVANTAGES OF A CROSS-
`SESSION WEB WORKSPACE (2004)
`
`Brian Amento, et al., ACM Symposium on User Interface
`Software and Technology (UIST), TOPICSHOP: ENHANCED
`SUPPORT FOR EVALUATING AND ORGANIZING COLLECTIONS OF
`WEB SITES (2000)
`
`Andy Cockburn, et al., BEYOND THE ‘BACK’ BUTTON: ISSUES
`OF PAGE REPRESENTATION AND ORGANISATION IN GRAPHICAL
`WEB NAVIGATION TOOLS (1999)
`
`EX1028
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2004/0001104
`
`iv
`
`

`

`EX1029
`
`EX1030
`
`EX1031
`
`EX1032
`
`EX1033
`
`EX1034
`
`EX1035
`
`EX1036
`
`EX1037
`
`EX1038
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`Stuart K. Card, et al., ACM Conference on Human Factors in
`Computing Systems (CHI), THE WEBBOOK AND THE WEB
`FORAGER: AN INFORMATION WORKSPACE FOR THE WORLD-
`WIDE WEB (1996)
`
`George Robertson, et al., ACM Symposium on User Interface
`Software and Technology (UIST), DATA MOUNTAIN: USING
`SPATIAL MEMORY FOR DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT (1998)
`
`Mary P. Czerwinski, et al., Human-Computer Interaction—
`INTERACT ’99, THE CONTRIBUTION OF THUMBNAIL IMAGE,
`MOUSE-OVER TEXT AND SPATIAL LOCATION MEMORY TO WEB
`PAGE RETRIEVAL IN 3D (1999)
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2002/0054114
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2004/0109031
`
`U.S. Publication No. 2003/0164827
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,229,542
`
`Alfred T. Lee, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-
`Human Interaction (SIGCHI) Bulletin, Volume 31, Number J,
`WEB USABILITY (1999)
`
`Mark J. Kilgard, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
`Graphics (SIGGRAPH) Eurographics Workshop, REALIZING
`OPENGL: TWO IMPLEMENTATIONS OF ONE ARCHITECTURE
`(1997)
`
`3B BROWSER – 3B THE BROAD BAND BROWSER (2004),
`https://web.archive.org/web/20041208085023/http://www.3b.n
`et/browser/index.html [accessed 9/28/2022]
`
`
`EX1039
`
`DICTIONARY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND
`TECHNOLOGY (2000) (excerpt)
`
`v
`
`

`

`EX1040
`
`EX1041
`
`EX1042
`
`EX1043
`
`EX1044
`
`EX1045
`
`EX1046
`
`EX1047
`
`EX1048
`
`EX1049
`
`EX1050
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`U.S. Appl. No. 09/152,712—File Wrapper Excerpts
`
`Robert Godwin-Jones, Language Learning & Technology,
`Volume 9, Number 2, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES—AJAX AND
`FIREFOX: NEW WEB APPLICATIONS AND BROWSERS (2005)
`
`MOZILLA FIREFOX VS MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER (2005),
`https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/mozilla-firefox-vs-
`microsoft-internet-explorer [accessed 9/30/2022]
`
`
`X DEVELOPER’S MEETING 2004,
`https://www.x.org/wiki/Events/XDC2004/ [accessed
`11/11/2022]
`
`Library of Congress Online Catalog Record re HOW THE
`INTERNET WORKS (Gralla)
`
`Public Copyright Catalog Record re HOW THE INTERNET
`WORKS (Gralla)
`
`International Standard Book Number Listing re HOW THE
`INTERNET WORKS (Gralla)
`
`Que Corporation, Product Record re HOW THE INTERNET
`WORKS (Gralla)
`
`Declaration of June Munford re HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
`(Gralla)
`
`Apple’s Opposed Motion to Stay Pending Transfer,
`SpaceTime3D, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Case No.:6:22-cv-00149
`(WDTX)
`
`Scheduling Order, SpaceTime3D, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Case
`No.:6:22-cv-00149 (WDTX)
`
`vi
`
`

`

`EX1051
`
`EX1052
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`Order Resetting Markman Hearing, SpaceTime3D, Inc. v. Apple
`Inc., Case No.:6:22-cv-00149 (WDTX)
`
`SpaceTime’s Complaint, SpaceTime3D, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Case
`No.:6:22-cv-00149 (WDTX)
`
`vii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`LISTING OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`Claim 1
`[1.pre] A method for providing a three-dimensional (3D) graphical user
`interface, comprising:
`
`[1.a]
`
`receiving at least first and second inputs from an end user;
`
`[1.b]
`
`[1.c]
`
`receiving first and second webpages from at least one server in
`response to said first and second inputs, wherein the first and second
`inputs are website addresses corresponding to said first and second
`webpages, respectively;
`
`displaying at least a portion of the first webpage on a first object
`within a 3D space, and at least a portion of the second webpage on a
`second object within the 3D space, comprising;
`
`[1.c.i]
`
`rendering the first and second webpages;
`
`[1.c.ii]
`
`capturing first and second images of the at least a portion of the first
`webpage and the at least a portion of the second webpage,
`respectively; and
`
`[1.c.iii]
`
`texturing the first image on the first object and the second image on
`the second object, the first object being displayed in a foreground of
`the 3D space and the second object being displayed in a background
`of the 3D space; and
`
`[1.d]
`
`displaying additional information, comprising:
`
`[1.d.i]
`
`receiving an interaction by the end user on the first image;
`
`[1.d.ii]
`
`replacing the first and second objects within the 3D space with a
`window within a two-dimensional (2D) space in response to
`receiving the interaction, wherein the window includes the rendered
`first webpage;
`
`[1.d.iii]
`
`receiving an interaction by the end user on a link provided in the
`
`i
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`rendered first webpage, the link corresponding to the additional
`information;
`
`[1.d.iv]
`
`rendering the additional information; and
`
`[1.d.v]
`
`displaying the rendered additional information in said window within
`the 2D space.
`
`[2.pre]
`
`The method of claim 1, further comprising:
`
`Claim 2
`
`[2.a]
`
`[2.b]
`
`[2.c]
`
`capturing a third image of at least a portion of the rendered additional
`information;
`
`texturing the third image on the first object, the third image thereby
`replacing the first image on the first object; and
`
`replacing the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space, wherein the first object is
`displayed in the foreground of the 3D space and the second object is
`displayed in the background of the 3D space.
`
`Claim 3
`
`[3.pre]
`
`The method of claim 2, further comprising:
`
`[3.a]
`
`receiving a toggle interaction by the end user; and
`
`[3.b]
`
`replacing the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space in response to the toggle
`interaction.
`
`[4.pre]
`
`The method of claim 2, further comprising:
`
`Claim 4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ii
`
`

`

`[4.a]
`
`[4.b]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`receiving a navigation interaction by the end user; and
`
`moving said second object from the background of the 3D space to
`the foreground of the 3D space in response to the navigation
`interaction.
`
`Claim 5
`
`[5.pre]
`
`The method of claim 1, further comprising:
`
`[5.a]
`
`receiving a toggle interaction by the end user; and
`
`[5.b]
`
`replacing the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space in response to the toggle
`interaction.
`
`Claim 6
`
`[6.pre]
`
`The method of claim 1, further comprising:
`
`[6.a]
`
`receiving at least a third input from the end user;
`
`[6.b]
`
`[6.c]
`
`receiving a third webpage from the at least one server in response to
`the third input; and
`
`displaying at least a portion of the third webpage on a third object
`within the 3D space, comprising:
`
`[6.c.i]
`
`rendering the third webpage;
`
`[6.c.ii]
`
`capturing a third image of the at least a portion of the third webpage;
`and
`
`[6.c.iii]
`
`texturing the third image on the third object, the third object being
`displayed in a further background of the 3D space, behind the second
`object.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`iii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`[7.pre]
`
`The method of claim 1,
`
`Claim 7
`
`[7.a]
`
`wherein the step of receiving the first and second webpages from the
`at least one server in response to said first and second inputs further
`comprises receiving the first webpage from a first server in response
`to said first input and receiving the second webpage from a second
`server in response to said second input.
`
`
`
`Claim 8
`[8.pre] A system for providing a three-dimensional (3D) graphical user
`interface, comprising:
`
`[8.pre.i]
`
`a display screen;
`
`[8.pre.ii]
`an input device for receiving at least one input from an end user
`[8.pre.iii] a processor module operatively coupled to the display screen and the
`user input device; and
`
`[8.pre.iv]
`
`a memory module operatively coupled to the processor module, the
`memory module comprising executable code for the processor
`module to:
`
`[8.a]
`
`receive at least first and second inputs from an end user;
`
`[8.b]
`
`[8.c]
`
`receive first and second webpages from at least one source in
`response to said first and second inputs, wherein the first and second
`inputs are website address corresponding to said first and second
`webpages, respectively;
`
`display at least a portion of the first webpage on a first object within
`a 3D space on the display screen, and at least a portion of the second
`webpage on a second object within the 3D space on the display
`screen, comprising;
`
`iv
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`[8.c.i]
`
`rendering the first and second webpages;
`
`[8.c.ii]
`
`capturing first and second images of the at least a portion of the first
`webpage and the at least a portion of the second webpage,
`respectively; and
`
`[8.c.iii]
`
`texturing the first image on the first object and the second image on
`the second object, the first object being displayed in a foreground of
`the 3D space and the second object being displayed in a background
`of the 3D space; and
`
`[8.d]
`
`display additional information, comprising:
`
`[8.d.i]
`
`receiving an interaction by the end user on the first image;
`
`[8.d.ii]
`
`replacing the first and second objects within the 3D space with a
`window within a two-dimensional (2D) space on the display screen
`in response to receiving the interaction, wherein the window includes
`the rendered first webpage;
`
`[8.d.iii]
`
`receiving an interaction by the end user on a link provided in the
`rendered first webpage, the link corresponding to the additional
`information;
`
`[8.d.iv]
`
`rendering the additional information; and
`
`[8.d.v]
`
`displaying the rendered additional information on the display screen
`in said window within the 2D space on the display screen.
`
`
`
`[9.pre]
`
`[9.a]
`
`Claim 9
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein said executable code is further
`configured to:
`
`capture a third image of at least a portion of the rendered additional
`information;
`
`[9.b]
`
`texture the third image on the first object, the third image thereby
`
`v
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`replacing the first image on the first object; and
`
`[9.c]
`
`replace the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space, wherein the first object is
`displayed in the foreground of the 3D space and the second object is
`displayed in the background of the 3D space.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Claim 10
`[10.pre] The system of claim 9, wherein said executable code is further
`configured to:
`
`[10.a]
`
`receive a toggle interaction by the end user; and
`
`[10.b]
`
`replace the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space in response to the toggle
`interaction.
`
`Claim 11
`[11.pre] The system of claim 9, wherein said executable code is further
`configured to:
`
`[11.a]
`receive a navigation interaction by the end user; and
`[11.b] move said second object from the background of the 3D space to the
`foreground of the 3D space in response to the navigation interaction.
`
`Claim 12
`[12.pre] The system of claim 8, wherein said executable code is further
`configured to:
`
`[12.a]
`
`receive a toggle interaction by the end user; and
`
`[12.b]
`
`replace the window within the 2D space with at least the first and
`second objects within the 3D space in response to the toggle
`
`vi
`
`

`

`interaction.
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`
`
`
`
`Claim 13
`[13.pre] The system of claim 8, wherein said executable code is further
`configured to:
`
`[13.a]
`
`receive at least a third input from the end user;
`
`[13.b]
`
`[13.c]
`
`receive a third webpage from the at least one server in response to the
`third input; and
`
`display at least a portion of the third webpage on a third object within
`the 3D space, comprising:
`
`[13.c.i]
`
`rendering the third webpage;
`
`[13.c.ii]
`
`capturing a third image of the at least a portion of the third webpage;
`and
`
`[13.c.iii]
`
`texturing the third image on the third object, the third object being
`displayed in a further background of the 3D space, behind the second
`object.
`
`Claim 14
`[14.pre] A method for providing a three-dimensional (3D) graphical user
`interface, comprising:
`
`[14.a]
`
`[14.b]
`
`[14.c]
`
`receiving at least first and second website addresses from an end
`user;
`
`using said first and second website addresses to retrieve first and
`second webpages from at least one source in response to said first
`and second inputs;
`
`displaying at least a portion of the first webpage within a 3D space,
`and at least a portion of the second webpage within the 3D space,
`
`vii
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`comprising;
`
`[14.c.i]
`
`[14.c.ii]
`
`generating first and second images of the at least a portion of the first
`webpage and the at least a portion of the second webpage,
`respectively; and
`
`displaying the first image and the second image in the 3D space, the
`first image being displayed in a foreground of the 3D space and the
`second image being displayed in a background of the 3D space; and
`
`[14.d]
`
`displaying additional information to said end user, comprising:
`
`[14.d.i]
`
`receiving an interaction from the end user with the first image;
`
`[14.d.ii]
`
`replacing the first and second images within the 3D space with a
`window within a two-dimensional (2D) space in response to
`receiving the interaction, wherein the window includes the first
`webpage;
`
`[14.d.iii]
`
`receiving an interaction by the end user on a link provided in the first
`webpage, the link corresponding to the additional information; and
`
`[14.d.iv] displaying the additional information to the user.
`
`
`
`
`
`[15.pre] The method of claim 14,
`
`Claim 15
`
`[15.a]
`
`wherein the additional information is displayed in the window,
`thereby replacing the first webpage in the window.
`
`Claim 16
`
`[16.pre] The method of claim 14, further comprising:
`
`[16.a]
`
`generating a third image of at least a portion of the additional
`information; and
`
`viii
`
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`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`replacing the window with at least the second and third images
`within the 3D space, wherein the third image replaces the first image
`in the foreground of the 3D space, and the second image remains in
`the background of the 3D space.
`
`[16.b]
`
`
`
`
`
`Claim 17
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`[17.pre] The method of claim 16, further comprising:
`
`[17.a]
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`receiving a toggle interaction by the end user; and
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`[17.b]
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`replacing the window with at least the second and third images
`within the 3D space in response to the toggle interaction.
`
`Claim 18
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`[18.pre] The method of claim 17, further comprising;
`
`[18.a]
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`receiving a navigation interaction by the end user; and
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`[18.b]
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`moving said second image from the background of the 3D space to
`the foreground of the 3D space in response to the navigation
`interaction.
`
`
`
`
`ix
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`

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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`I.
`INTRODUCTION
`Apple Inc. (“Apple” or “Petitioner”) petitions for IPR of claims 1-18
`
`(“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048 (“the ’048 patent”).
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`Compelling evidence presented in this Petition demonstrates at least a reasonable
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`likelihood that Apple will prevail with respect to at least one of the Challenged
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`Claims. Accordingly, Apple respectfully submits that an IPR should be instituted,
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`and that the Challenged Claims should be canceled as unpatentable.
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`The ’048 patent “is directed toward graphical user interfaces for operating and
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`accessing information on a computer, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional
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`(‘3D’) interactive computing interface.” [EX1001, 1:25-37]. The ’048 patent’s
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`graphical user interface (GUI) “uses the two-dimensional display of an end user’s
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`computer to display information (e.g., webpages and other information mapped onto
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`3D objects) in a simulated real-time 3-D immersive Cartesian space.” [Id., 7:59-63].
`
`But the ’048 patent’s claimed systems and methods for “providing a three-
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`dimensional (3D) graphical user interface” were not new. To the contrary, as
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`demonstrated by this Petition, with reference to Dr. Henry Fuchs’s testimony and
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`additional evidence, the claimed concepts had already been researched, developed,
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`and implemented long before the ’048 patent. [See infra §V.A.1].
`
`The Challenged Claims were granted without full consideration of the wide
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`body of applicable prior art, and without a single prior art rejection. [See infra
`
`1
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`§III.B]. And, as Dr. Fuchs explains, the claimed systems and methods would have
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`been obvious to a POSITA based on the teachings of multiple prior art references.
`
`[See infra §VIII].
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`For example, Robertson (EX1004) describes a 3D graphical user interface that
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`represents webpages as objects bearing images of corresponding content. [EX1004,
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`6:15-28; see also id., 6:30-67, 9:11-50, 12:54-13:4]. A POSITA would have found
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`it obvious to integrate Robertson’s teachings on a 3D-GUI into a web browser
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`described by Gralla (EX1005), as an upgrade to conventional bookmark/favorites
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`tools for revisiting webpages. [EX1003, ¶¶73-81; infra §VIII.A].
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`As another example, Tsuda (EX1008) describes “a device for displaying
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`windows in a virtual three-dimensional (3D) space.” [EX1008, 1:5-12]. A POSITA
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`would have found it obvious to apply these teachings from Tsuda to a tabbed browser
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`described by Sauve (EX1008), which arranges graphical representations of
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`webpages in a quick pick user-interface. [EX1003, ¶¶156-162; infra §VIII.B].
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`By revealing the Challenged Claims as obvious combinations of well-known
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`features, Petitioner seeks to correct the material error that led to issuance of the ’048
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`patent—the examiner’s apparent failure to substantively consider any of the prior art
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`applied in this Petition. Moreover, Petitioner’s diligence affords the Board an
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`opportunity to decide patentability at the PTAB before the District Court reaches
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`that issue in the co-pending litigation.
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`2
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`

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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`As demonstrated below, this Petition provides compelling reasons for the
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`Board to institute IPR, and to ultimately find the Challenged Claims unpatentable.
`
`II. CONVENTIONS OF THE PETITION
` All emphasis is added unless noted otherwise;
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` Bold-italic emphasis correlates to claim language;
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` Quotations are from exhibits, not claim language; and
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` The phrase “as discussed” and equivalent phrases incorporate fully the
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`analysis of the cross-cited portion of the Petition.
`
`III. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR—37 C.F.R. §42.104
`A.
`Standing—37 C.F.R. §42.104(a)
`Petitioner certifies that the ’048 patent is available for IPR and that Petitioner
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`is not barred or estopped from requesting this review. Petitioner was served with a
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`complaint of infringement of the ’048 patent less than one year ago.
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`B.
`The Challenge and Relief Requested—37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)
`Petitioner requests IPR of the Challenged Claims on the following grounds.
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`Ground Claims
`
`1
`
`2
`
`1-18
`
`1-18
`
`Basis
`§103: Robertson (EX1004), Gralla (EX1005), Gettman
`(EX1006)
`§103: Sauve (EX1007), Tsuda (EX1008)
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`As shown below, each reference pre-dates the ’048 patent’s earliest
`
`proclaimed priority date (September 13, 2005; “Critical Date”), which Petitioner
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`does not concede.
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`3
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`

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`Filing
`Reference
`Robertson (EX1004) Sep. 14, 1998
`
`N/A
`
`Gralla (EX1005)
`
`Gettman (EX1006)
`Sauve (EX1007)
`Tsuda (EX1008)
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`Publication
`Status
`Jul. 2, 2002
`§102(b)
`No later than
`Dec. 31, 2002
`Jun. 8, 2004 Apr. 21, 2005
`Apr. 7, 2005 Oct. 12, 2006
`Aug. 10, 1998
`Jun. 10, 2003
`
`§102(b)
`
`§§102(a), 102(e)
`§102(e)
`§102(b)
`
`IV. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY
`Gralla (EX1005) bears conventional markers of publication, including a first
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`printing date (September 2001), a copyright date (2002) an edition identifier (6th),
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`multiple unique identifying numbers (ISBN and LCCN), and the name of a well-
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`known publisher (Que). [EX1005, 7]. These markers provide sufficient indicia that
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`Gralla was publicly available no later than the end of 2002, years before the Critical
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`Date. [Hulu, LLC v. Sound View Innovations, LLC, IPR2018-01039, Paper 29 at 17-
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`21 (PTAB Dec. 20, 2019) (precedential) (finding indicia of publication on the face
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`of the reference relevant to public availability and sufficient for institution); see also
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`Microsoft Corp. v. Corel Software, IPR2016-01086, Paper 14 at 9 (PTAB Dec. 1,
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`2016) (“a book publisher is generally in business to publish books and to make them
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`widely accessible to the public for purchase”)].
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`Moreover, Gralla’s facial indicia is corroborated by:
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` a record [EX1044] associated with Gralla’s Library of Congress Catalog
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`Card Number (LCCN), which identifies a 2002 publication date;
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`4
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
` Gralla’s Copyright registration date of 2002 [EX1045];
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` Gralla’s ISBN listing [EX1046], which identifies a publication date of
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`2001; and
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` a product record from the publisher’s website [EX1047], which shows
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`publication occurred in 2001.
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`Testimonial evidence further corroborates Gralla’s facial indicia by establishing
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`accessibility in public libraries no later than the end of 2002. [EX1048, ¶¶7-12].
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`V. THE ’048 PATENT
`A.
`Subject Matter Description
`1.
`Background of the Technology
`Petitioner’s expert, Dr. Fuchs, provides an extensive discussion on the state
`
`of the art at the time of the ’048 patent. [EX1003, ¶¶34-55]. As Dr. Fuchs explains,
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`focused research and development efforts on 3D-GUIs dates back more than a
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`decade before the 2005 Critical Date when technological advances in computer
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`hardware and standard graphics libraries ignited the aspirations of skilled artisans to
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`explore new user interface paradigms. [EX1003, ¶¶36-43 (citing EX1012,
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`EX1030)]. By the early 1990s, advanced prototypes of 3D-GUIs (pictured below)
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`had been developed, tested, and described in peer-reviewed conference papers.
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`[EX1003, ¶¶36-39].
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`5
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`
`EX1011, p. 5 (Figure 3)
`The Document Lens
`
`EX1010, p. 7
`The Information Visualizer
`These early prototypes led to an avalanche of progress on 3D-GUIs described in
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`
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`downstream papers and patent literature. [EX1003, ¶¶40-43 (citing exhibits below
`
`and EX1013, EX1015, EX1019-1022, EX1043)].
`
`EX1014, Figure 3
`US 5,880,733
`
`EX1012, p. 1
`Project Looking Glass
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EX1018, Figure 5B
`US 2003/0142136
`
`EX1035, Figure 5
`US 6,229,542
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`
`
`6
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`
`EX1016, Figure 6
`US 6,909,443
`Around this same time in the 1990s and 2000s, skilled artisans were working
`
`
`EX1017, Figure 2
`US 6,661,426
`
`to develop next-generation web browser tools. [EX1003, ¶¶44-47 (citing EX1023-
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`1028, EX1030)]. And it did not take long for this line of development to merge with
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`its natural counterpart: 3D-GUIs. [EX1003, ¶¶48-55 (citing EX1029-1034)]. In
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`fact, some of the same authors that published influential papers on 3D-GUIs later
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`published their follow-up development efforts on integrating 3D-GUIs into web
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`browser tools. [Id.].
`
`EX1032, Figure 9
`US 2002/0054114
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`
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`EX1033, Figure 4
`US 2004/0109031
`
`EX1038, p. 1
`3B Browser
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`
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`7
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`EX1029, p. 5 (Figure 5)
`The Web Forager
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`
`
`EX1029, p. 3 (Figure 3)
`The WebBook
`
`
`EX1030, p. 1 (Figure 1)
`Data Mountain
`In sum, extensive development on 3D-GUIs and web browser tools took place
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`long before the ’048 patent, and those of skill in the art had already integrated these
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`lines of development to create new and improved 3D-GUIs for web browsers.
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`[EX1003, ¶¶34-55]. The ’048 patent’s claims do not account for the mature state of
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`the art and, as a result, merely recite an unoriginal and obvious collection of features
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`that would have been well known to any person of skill.
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`2.
`Description of the ’048 Patent
`The ’048 patent was filed on March 31, 2010 with a priority claim that
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`purportedly extends to a provisional application dated September 13, 2005.
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`[EX1001, Cover]. As to its substance, the ’048 patent “is directed toward graphical
`
`user interfaces for operating and accessing information on a computer, and more
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`particularly, to a three-dimensional (‘3D’) interactive computing interface.”
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`[EX1001, 1:25-37; see also EX1003, ¶¶56-58]. The ’048 patent’s graphical user
`
`interface (GUI) “uses the two-dimensional display of an end user’s computer to
`
`display information (e.g., webpages and other information mapped onto 3D objects)
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`8
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0108IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,881,048
`in a simulated real-time 3-D immersive Cartesian space.” [EX1001, 7:59-63]. In
`
`the embodiment of Figure 11 (below), the 3D-GUI “