US007762470B2
`
`a2) United States Patent
`US 7,762,470 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`Finn etal.
`
`Jul. 27, 2010(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: David Finn, Tourmakeady (IE); Dennis
`Ryan, Tipp City, OH (US)
`(73) Assignee: DPD Patent Trust Ltd., Tourmakeady,
`County Mayo(IE)
`(*) Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1170 days.
`
`(2006.01)
`G06K 5/00
`(2006.01)
`GO8B 13/14
`(52) U.S.Cwe 235/492; 235/380; 235/435;
`235/487, 340/572.1; 340/572.8
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 235/492,
`235/380, 435, 441, 449, 451; 711/115; 340/7.63,
`er
`340/572.1, $72.8
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(6)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 11/355,264
`(22) Tiled:
`Feb. 15, 2006
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`
`4,367,965 A
`
`1/1983 Speitelet al.
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/295,685,
`filed on Dec. 6, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,632,113, and a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/990,296,
`filed on Nov. 16, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,213,766.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/652,895, filed on Feb.
`15, 2005, provisional application No. 60/660,398,
`filed on Mar. 10, 2005, provisional application No.
`60/664,974, filed on Mar. 24, 2005, provisional appli-
`cation No. 60/734,409, filed on Nov. 8, 2005, provi-
`sional application No. 60/725,818, filed on Oct. 12,
`2005, provisional application No. 60/708,707,filed on
`Aus. 16. 2005.
`provisional application No. 60/708
`g
`>
`> P
`pp
`;
`628.
`filed on Aus. 16. 2005.
`provisional application
`>
`8
`>
`>P
`pple
`No. 60/691,337, filed on Jun. 16, 2005, provisional
`application No. 60/685,503, filed on May 27, 2005,
`provisional application No. 60/633,541, filed on Dec.
`6, 2004, provisional application No. 60/602,595, filed
`on Aug. 18, 2004, provisional application No. 60/562,
`204, filed onApr. 14, 2004, provisional application No.
`60/520,698, filed on Nov. 17, 2003.
`Int. Cl.
`GO6K 19/06
`G06K 19/00
`GO06K 7/00
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`.
`;
`;
`;
`ACR38DTDual Key TechnicalSpecifications, Version 1.3, Sep. 2004,
`Advanced Card Systems Ttd., Hong Kong.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner—Daniel Walsh
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Gerald F Linden; Dwight A.
`Stauffer
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`.
`.
`AnRFID token apparatus has a connection module for inter-
`facing with an appliance capable ofcommunicating and inter-
`acting with remoteservers and networks, a translation mod-
`ule for moving signals between a USBinterface and a smart
`card interlace, a processor module which may be capable of
`operating as a dual-interface (DI) chip; and an input/output
`module having at least one RI antenna and a modulator. An
`RFID-contactless interface according to ISO 14443 & ISO
`15693 and/or NFC. A wireless interface according to ZIG-
`BEE wireless, BLUETOOTH wireless, WLAN 802.11,
`UWB, USBwireless and/or any similar interface. An RFID
`reader apparatus has a housing, a slot for a contact or con-
`tactless fob; and a USBstick alternately protruding from the
`housing andretracted within the housing
`,
`13 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`Release
`
`Housing
`Button 1
`
`Button 2
`
`
`
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`Page 2
`
`2008/0032626 Al
`2009/0006699 Al*
`
`DE
`HK
`HK
`JP
`wo
`wo
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`wo
`WO
`WO
`wo
`wo
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`wo
`WO
`WO
`
`2/2008 Chen
`1/2009 Rofougaran .............06 710/304
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`9/2004
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`3/2005
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`
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`
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`6/2003
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`Al
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`Al
`9/2003
`Charratet al.
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`2003/0220876
`Al* 11/2003
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`Delivering ultimate security, high performance and ultra low
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`Al
`12/2003
`Jiau
`power consumption, SmartMXis nowin volume supply, Nov.
`
`
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`
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`
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`
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`.. 710/72
`
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`
`
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`
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`Al
`5/2005
`Finn
`ogy, Balaban, Dan, Nov. 2004, pp. 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, Card
`
`
`
`2005/02 12690 AlL*=9/2005 Nishikawa ....... .. 340/932.2
`‘lechnology, Chicago IL.
`
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`Al* 12/2005
`wees 235/439
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`Al
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`Al* 10/2006
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`Cheonetal.
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`Al
`10/2007
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`Al
`11/2007
`
`
`2008/00 14867 Al*—1/2008 Fn wesc cece eeece eee cee nee 455/41.1
`* cited by examiner
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 1 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`USB Plug
`128
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`FIG. 1B
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`122
`
`124
`
`:
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`142
`
`144
`
`146
`
`FIG 1C
`140 Y
`
`148
`
`
`
`
`
`Processor
`Input/Output
`Connection
`Module
`Module
`Module
`
`
`USB Plug
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`150
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
` Connection
`
`FIG 1D
`400~
`408
` RJ-45
`
`
`Connector
`/
`translator
`
`406
`
`module
`
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Input
`Module
`
`402
`
`USB Plug
`
`Module
`
`410
`
`502
`
`504
`
`506
`
`508
`
`
`
`USBPlug
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`
`
`
`Translation
`Processor
`Input/Output
`Module
`Module
`Module
`
`
`510
`
`
`
`LCD
`
` Screen
` 514
`
`
`
`512
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 3 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`Housing/Reader
`
`
`
`
`USBss
`
`
`Magnetic
`Stripe
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`FIG, 2B
`
`Housing
`
`Release
`
`
`Button 1 Pivot
` USB Stick
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 4 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3A
`
`
`Bluetooth
`
`
`Interface
`
`FIG. 3B
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`
`
`Data and Control bus
`_LT
`
`
`
`_ Controller (Memory
`
`Management), OS with
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Embedded USB HUB
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`SMART
`CARD
`
`Hard Disk
`Drive
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 5 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3C
`
`
`
`Power
`
`from USB
`
`
`
`
`Datat
`Gatekeeper
`Flash Memory
`Microcontroller
`NAND
`Data-
`Tonervo
`
`
`
`Memory Management
`Ports
`Embedded HUB
`USB from PC
`
`
`
`
`
`Internal OS
`USB Devices
`
`memory reader
`such as
`control logic
`wireless/
`
`Bluetooth
`
`FIG. 3D
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`Data and Control bus
`
`
`
` Controller (Memory
`
`
`Management), OS with
`
`Embedded USB HUB
`
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Flash
`Memory
`
`Hard Disk
`Drive
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`1
`RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`2
`
`25
`
`Banking
`Satellite TV
`Governmentidentification
`Smart cards can be used with a smart-card reader attach-
`5 ment toa personal computerto authenticate a user. (However,
`APPLICATIONS
`these readers are relatively costly, and have not been well
`oo
`.
`.
`accepted by users.) Web browsers also can use smart card
`This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/990,296
`technology to supplement Secure Sockets Tayer (SSI.) for
`filed Nov. 16, 2004 now US. Pat. No.7,213,766.
`improved security of Internet transactions. The American
`his is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/295,685
`10 Express Online Wallet shows how online purchases work
`filed Dee. 6, 2005 now US. Pat. No. 7,632,113.
`using a smart card and a PC equipped with a smart-card
`This is a non-provisionalfiling of U.S. Ser. No. 60/652,895
`reader. Smart-card readers can also be found in vending
`filed Feb. 15, 2005.
`machines.
`This is a non-provisionalfiling ofU.S. Ser. No. 60/660,398
`‘There are three basic types of smart cards: contact chip,
`filed Mar. 10, 2005. as .
`This is a non-provisionalfiling of U.S. Ser. No. 60/664,974 15 contactless and dual interface (DI) cards.
`fies Mar. 24, ica fi
`he
`following:
`A contact smart card. (or contact chip card) is a plastic card.
`Tionty 1s claimed
`from the tol’ow1ng:
`aboutthe size ofa credit card that has an embedded integrated
`Provisional Application No. 60/734,409filed Nov. 8, 2005
`ircuit
`(IC)
`chi
`d
`This
`d
`:
`iated
`with
`Provisional Application No. 60/725.818 filed Oct.12,2005
` ifCUit CC)chip to store
`data.
`This
`data is associated wit
`‘sional PP licati
`.
`/
`>
`filed ane
`either value or information or both and is stored and pro-
`Prowistona Application No. 60/708,707
`filed Aug. 16, 20 cessed within the card’s chip, either a memory or micropro-
`sc,
`d
`ic.
`.
`Provisional Application No. 60/708,628 filed Aug. 16,
`SOE ONS Se
`ceed Gare
`cede de
`_—
`2005
`ee predominant contact smart cards in consumer use are
`Provisional Application No. 60/691,337 filed Jun. 16, 2005
`telephonecards as a stored value too!
`Tor pay phones and
`ba
`.
`cards for electronic cash payments. Contact smart cards
`«ae
`Provisional Application No. 60/685,503 filed May 27,
`:
`:
`:
`:
`2005
`require the placementof the card in a terminal or automatic
`Provisional Application No. 60/664,974 filed Mar. 24,
`teller machine for authentication and data transaction. By
`2005
`inserting the contact smart card into the terminal, mechanical
`Provisional Application No. 60/660,398 filed Mar. 10,
`and electrical contact is made with the embedded chip mod-
`2005
`30 Contact!
`ds h
`bedded
`ProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/652,895filed Feb. 15, 2005
`ae ess ee oblige the cond t rian cone
`Patent application Ser. No. 11/295,685 filed Dec. 6, 2005,
` Hecte a. * adicwavec. The
`ene the carc ° Pethema
`claiming priority ofProvisional Application No. 60/633,
`respond to radio waves. The energy required for the smart
`541 filed Dec. 6, 2004
`card to manipulate and transmit data is derived from the
`Patentapplication Ser. No. 10/990,296filed Nov. 16, 2004, 35 electromagnetic field generated by a reader.1pmactiess
`claiming priority ofProvisional Application No. 60/602,
`smart cards
`do not require
`direct contact with
`the reader
`because they employ the passive transponder technology of
`595 filed Aug. 18, 2004
`Radio
`F
`Tdentificati
`RFID).
`By
`j
`:
`h
`ProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/562,204filedApr. 14, 2004
`atf° hones ent orden & .
`)- , Just waving the
`Provisional Application No. 60/520,698 filed Nov. 17,
`car neart he reader, secure1 entification, e ectronicpayment
`2003
`4g tansaction and authentication are completed in milliseconds.
`;
`.
`;
`oo
`Contactless chip card technology is based on twostan-
`all of which are incorporated by reference herein, and
`dards: ISO/IEC 14443 ‘lype A and ‘lype B (for proximity
`all of which name Finnas an inventor.
`cards), and ISO/TEC 15693 (for vicinity cards). Cards that
`comply with these standards operate at the 13.56 MHz tre-
`45 quency. ISO/IEC 14443 products have a range ofup to 10 cm
`(centimeters), while ISO/IEC 15693 products can operate at a
`range between 50 and 70 cm.
`Dualinterface (DI) cards, sometimes called combination
`chip cards, are microprocessor multi-function cards that
`50 incorporate both the functions of a contact chip card and a
`contactless card. Within the smart card is a microprocessor or
`
`This invention relates generally to RFID technology, and.
`also to smart card technology.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`BACKGROUNDOF TITE INVENTION
`
`isé we10)Thresembles credit cardin size and shape. (See
`
`(REID)capebili chip with radio frequency identification
`
`capability that manages the memory allocation an
`e inside ol a smart card usually contains an
`.
`file access. The on-board memory is shared and can be
`embedded 8-bit microprocessor. The microprocessor is under
`a gold contact pad on oneside of the card. Smarts cards may 55 accessed either in contact or contactless mode.
`typically have 1 kilobyte of RAM,24 kilobytes of ROM,16
`This type of chip is similar to those found inside all per-
`kilobytes of programmable ROM,and an 8-bit microproces-
`sonal computers and when implanted in a smart card, man-
`sor running at 5 MHz. The smart card usesa serial interface
`ages data in organized file structures, via a card operating
`and receives its power from external sources like a card
`system. This capability permits different and multiple func-
`reader. The processor uses a limited instructionset for appli- 9 tions and/ordifferent applications to reside on the card.
`cations such as cryptography. The most common smart card
`A dual interface (DI) card is ideal for single and multi-
`applications are:
`application markets ranging from micro-payment (conve-
`Credit cards
`nient alternative to low value cash transaction) to e-commerce
`Electronic cash
`and fromticketing in mass transit to secure identification for
`Computer security systems
`cross border control. Originally. such cards were intended to
`Wireless communication
`be used in conjunction with a reader connected to a PC for
`Loyalty systems (like frequentflyer points)
`downloadingtickets, tokens, or clectronic moncyvia the con-
`
`65
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
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`tact interface and used in contactless mode in the application
`for physical access or proximity payment
`Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
`derive their energy from the electromagnetic field radiated
`fromthe reader. Becauseof international power transmission
`restrictionsat the frequencies of 125 KHz and 13,56 MHz,the
`contactless integrated circuits are generally low voltage and
`low power devices. Read/Write circuits use low voltage
`EEPROM and low power analogue cells. ‘he read/write
`memory capacity in transponders, contact smart cards, con-
`tactless memory based smartcards, dual interlace smart cards
`(contact & contactless) and multi-interface micro-controllers
`is generally limited to approximately 64 kilobytes.
`The dualinterface (DI) smart cards typically have an 8, 16
`or 32 bil microprocessor controller, operate at alow voltage of
`1.8V-5V and runat an internal frequency of 5 or 15 MHz. The
`open platform architecture includes memory management,
`non volatile memory, contactless interfaces and security fea-
`tures such as Advanced Crypto Engine (ACE) 1100bit, triple
`DESencryption and RSA.
`High performance crypto controllers with multiple inter-
`faces such as USB, ISO 14443 Type A, B, Felica have been
`developed for multi-functional smart cards in applications
`such as security access, healthcare, electronic purse, banking
`ctc.
`The main focus of the smart card industry has been on
`secure card applications where large memory capacity is not
`of paramount importance, and/or where pertinent informa-
`tion and application software is stored at a centralized server
`location.
`Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296
`(the ?296 application) generally discloses a compact personal
`token apparatus, suitably resembling a conventional USB
`memory [ob in size, shape, and form which can be plugged
`into a PC andinterfaced with the virtual world ofthe Internet.
`The apparatus is capable of loading and storing information
`from the Internet, via the PC to its flash memory or EEPROM
`and then using the stored information or valuevia its contact-
`less or wireless interface in the real world. The apparatus is
`capable of implementing an auto-run application, when
`inserted into a personal computer. The apparatusis capable of
`exchanging information with other devices having compat-
`ible interfaces. The apparatus canalso functionas a firewall
`when plugged betweenan Internet connection and a PC.
`Apart from using USBtokensforfile storage, they are also
`used for desktop settings, screen lock, network login & access
`control, log book, user authentication (storing digital signa-
`tures, certificates, key sets, finger-based biomctric templates,
`usernames and passwords), digital content and transaction
`security as well as enterprise and Internet security.
`A USB token can also be used to download emails,
`remotely access a PC or to open a customized browserthat
`allows the user to surf the Web with tolal privacy.
`Recent developments in USB flash memory drives have
`resulted in CDROM-like auto-run devices that aulomatically
`execute a file when the USBtoken is inserted into a PC. The
`read-only and auto-run contents are installed during the
`manufacturing process. Examples of auto-run contents
`include opening a website, running a demoapplication, show-
`ing a presentation, making a productpitch, providing custom-
`ers with discount coupons etc.
`USS. Pat. No. 6,763,399, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “USB key apparatusfor interacting with a USB host
`via a USBport” describes a smart card—host system that
`operates without the intermediation of a smart card reader.
`The smart card—host system comprises a host, which has a
`USBinterface, and a portable device, which provides smart
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`card function(s). The portable device has a smart card chip for
`performing the smart card function(s); a USB interface for
`connecting the portable device with the host via USB proto-
`col; and a microprocessor for controlling the transfer of data
`between the USBinterface and the smart card chip, for con-
`verting data from a USBformatto the format ofthe smart card
`chip and for converting data from the format of the smart card
`chip to a USB format.
`USS. Pat. No. 6,801,956, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “Arrangement with a Microprocessor” describes an
`arrangement with a microprocessor, particularly a micropro-
`cessor for use in a chip card. The arrangement includes a
`microprocessor, which is connected to at least a USB inter-
`faces and an ISO interface for exchanging data signals. A
`selection unit within the microprocessor maybe configured to
`select between the USB and ISO interfaces, and a switching
`unit within the microprocessor may be configured to subse-
`quently switch between the USBand ISO interfaces by initi-
`ating an internal reset of the microprocessor.
`International Patent Publication No. WO 01/96990, incor-
`porated by reference herein, entitled “USB-Compliant Per-
`sonal Key using a Smartcard Processor and a Smartcard
`Reader Emulator” describes a compact, self-contained, per-
`sonal key. The personal key comprises a USB-compliant
`interface releascably coupleable to a host processing device
`operating under command of an operating system; a smart-
`card processor having a smartcard processor-compliantinter-
`face of communicating according to a smartcard input and
`output protocol; and an interface processor, communicatively
`coupled to the USB-compliant interface and to the smartcard
`processor-compliant interface, the interface processor imple-
`mentinga translation module for interpreting USB-compliant
`messages into smartcard processor-compliant messages and
`for interpreting smartcard processor-compliant messages into
`USB-compliant messages.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0236821, incorporated
`by reference herein, describes a body wearable personal net-
`work server device having a display, function keys, alarm
`output indicators, a disk drive to receive and store client’s
`data, and communication devices to communicate to its cli-
`ents, such as mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA),
`personal computer, and notebook computer. A body wearable
`personal network device also containing software modules;
`such as a protocol handler to handle Internet based protocols
`XML/FTP/HTTP/TCP/IP, diagnostic system to automati-
`cally transmit of notification messages to its clicnts, and
`various applications to provide various servicesfor its clients.
`A body wearable personal network device having, gate way
`functionality between PAN (using BLUETOOTH wireless)
`and WLAN (using IEEE 802.11b).
`USS. Pat. No. 6,148,354, incorporated by reference herein,
`describes a flash memory device, containing one or more
`flash modules, in which the flash memory is mapped to the
`address space of an ASIC or a controller which has a USB-
`defined electrical interlace and a USB-delined logical inter-
`face. This controller/ASIC (hereinafter termed a “‘controller’’)
`supports the USB functionality according to the USBstan-
`dard, thereby supporting enumeration onto the USB bus, as
`well as data reception and transmission over USBpipesto and
`from USB endpoints. This controller also supports the func-
`tionality and control ofthe flash memory device, as well as the
`processing of commandand data packets from the host con-
`troller. The host controller uses one of several possible pro-
`tocols, either standard or proprietary, to signal the next com-
`mandto be performed to the USBflash controller. Thus, the
`entire device acts as a dynamically attachable/detachable
`non-volatile storage device for the host platform. The primary
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
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`below were taken from World Wide Web at webopedia.com.
`function of the controller is memory management and to
`Someof the terms set forth below may beregistered trade-
`directly interface between the host computing device and the
`marks (®).
`flash memory.
`ADPCMShort for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modu-
`USS. Pat. No. 6,763,399 (“Alladin”), incorporated by ref-
`lation. ADPCMis a form of pulse code modulation (PCM)
`erence herein, describes a portable device, for providing
`that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than
`smart card function(s), said portable device having thereon a
`standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by
`smart card chip, for performing said smart card function(s), a
`recording only the difference between samples and adjust-
`USBinterface, for connecting, said portable device with said
`ing the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large
`host via USB protocol; and a microprocessor, for enabling at
`and. small differences. Some applications use ADPCM to
`.
`oe
`digilize a voice signal so voice and data can be transmitted
`lea st one function selected from the group consisting of con-
`simultaneously over a digital facility normally used only
`trolling the transfer of data between said USB interface and
`for one or the other.
`said smart card chip, for converting data from a USB format
`ATA Short for Advanced Technology Attachment. ATA is a
`to the format of said smart card chip and for converting data
`disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on
`from the format of said smart card chip to a USB format. The 5
`the disk drive itself. There are several versions ofATA, all
`portable device is configured to translate the USB communi-
`developed by the Small Form Factor (SFF) Committee:
`cations from USB protocol, into smart card protocol such as
`ATA: Knownalso as IDE, supports one or two hard drives,
`an ISO 7816 protocol, and from smart card protocol into USB
`a 16-bit interface and PIO modes0, 1 and 2.
`protocol and a smart card chip opcrative to perform at least
`ATA-2: Supports faster PIO modes (3 and 4) and multi-
`one smart card function such as authentication, encryption, 20
`word DMA modes(1 and 2). Also supports logical block
`access control and secure memory. InAlladin, the term“smart
`addressing (LBA) and block transfers. ATA-2 is mar-
`card” refers to a plastic card with an embedded chip, which
`anesMi Fast ATA and Enhanced IDE (EIDE).
`interacts with a smart card reader.
`3:
`Manor revision10 a
`Patent Publication WOO01/61692, incorporated by
`refer-
`25 ola“ATA? Aso called vieDMA. Aa. and pus
`enceherein, describes aportable data storage devicecompris.
`
`ing a coupling device for coupling to a computerserial bus, an mode9running aMB aPORES THTEIWOR
`
`interface device coupled to the coupling device, a memory
`AT.NGG.‘A version ofATA proposed by Quantum Corpo-
`control device and a non-volatile solid-state memory device;
`ration and supported
`-tcl
`that doubles ATAPg
`the memory control device being coupled betweenthe inter- 30
`through ut to COMB s y
`>
`face device and the memory device to controlthe flow ofdata
`ATA/100: en updated persion of ATA/66 that increases
`from the memory device to the coupling device. The interface
`data transfer mtes to 100 MBps
`device comprises of a universal serial bus (USB) driver to
`ATAis also called Parallel ATA "Contrast with Serial ATA
`convert data between a USB format and a PC format. Alter-
`SERIAL ATA Olien abbreviated gATA or S-ATA. anevo-
`natively, the interface device comprises of a driver for TEEF 35
`lution of the Parallel ATA physical storage interface
`1394 (FireWire) protocol. The configuration as described isa
`~~
`Serial ATA is a serial link——a sinvle cable with a mini-
`modular approach to the memory management controller
`mum of four wires creates a point-to-point connection
`provided in the US. Pat. No. 6,148,394.
`between devices. Transfer rates for Serial ATA begin at
`Patent PublicationNo. WO000/42491, incorporated by ref-
`150 MBps.Oneof the main design advantages of Serial
`erence herein, describes a cryptographic USB token as a 4o
`ATAis that the thinnerserial cables facilitate moreeffi-
`compactpersonal token, comprising: a USB-compliantinter-
`cient airflow inside a form factor and also allow for
`face releasably coupleable to a host processing device; a
`smaller chassis designs. In contrast, IDE cables used in
`memory; a processor, communicatively coupled to the
`parallel ATA systemsare bulkier than Serial ATA cables
`memory and communicatively coupleable to the host pro-
`and can only extend to 40 cm long, while Serial ATA
`cessing device via the USB-compliantinterface, the proces- 45
`cables can extend up to one meter. Serial ATA supports
`sor for providing the host processing device conditional
`all ATA and ATAPI devices. Source: World Wide Web at
`accessto data storable in the memory;and a user input device,
`webopedia.com
`communicatively coupled to the processor by a path distinct
`AVI Short for Audio Video Interleave. AVI is the file format
`from the USB-compliant interface”. The compact personal
`for Microsoft’s Video for Windows standard.
`token or key as described includes a processor anda memory 594 BLUETOOTH wircless A wireless technology developed by
`which implements software protection schemes to prevent
`Ericsson, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba that specilies how
`copying and unauthorized use. The personal key provides for
`mobile phones, computers and PDAs interconnect with
`the storage and managementofdigital certificates, allowing
`each other, with computers, and with ollice or home
`the user to store all of his or her digital certificates in one
`phones. Thetechnology enables data connections between
`media that is portable from platform to platform. In another 5;
`gjectronic devices in the 2.4 GHz range al 720 Kbps(kilo
`embodiment, the personal key comprises a biometric sensor
`bits per second) within a 30-foot range. BLUETOOTH
`disposed to measure biometrics suchas fingerprint data. The
`wireless uses low-power radio frequencies to transfer
`biometric sensor measurescharacteristics ofthe person hold-
`information wirelessly between similarly equipped
`ing the key (such as fingerprints) to confirm that the person
`devices. BLUETOOTHwireless wireless technology sup-
`possessing the key is the actual ownerofthe key.
`ports ad hoc networking, enables devices from manydif-
`ferent manufacturers to pair with each other and estab-
`GLOSSARY, DEFINITIONS, BACKGROUND
`lishes secure connections ‘“‘on the fly”. It is good at real-
`time data in synchronous connected oriented mode, but
`requires relatively high power,
`so is unsuitable for
`extremely small battery-powered applications.
`Byte A binary digital signal is essentially a string of ones and
`zeros—in other words, onc voltage level or another, typi-
`
`The following terms may be used throughout the descrip-
`tions presented herein and should gencrally be given the
`following meaning unless contradicted or elaborated upon by
`other descriptions sct forth hercin. Many of the definitions
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`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
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`cally with no values in-between. Since having only two
`fingers (or one, depending on how you count)is not a very
`useful means of representing a wide numberof variables,
`such asletters of the alphabet, it soon became apparent to
`bundle bits into bytes, such as eight bits to a byte. An 8-bit
`byte can represent 28=256 different values, gencrally
`plenty for representing letters of an alphabet, numerals and
`special characters. When moredifferent values are needed,
`the bytes can be made longer (more bits per byte), or bytes
`can be strung together into words. MBis short for mega-
`byte, one million bytes.
`Challenge-Response An OTP method in which a challenge is
`entered or sent to the token andthis challenge is combined
`with the credential
`through an algorithm to create a
`response(the OTP).
`Client The client part of a client-server architecture. Typi-
`cally, a client is an application that runs on a personal
`computer or workstation and relies on a server to perform
`some operations. For example, an e-mail client is an appli-
`cation that enables you to send and receive e-mail.
`Computer A programmable machine. The two principal char-
`acteristics of a comput