US007762470B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`(10) Patent N0.:
`US 7,762,470 B2
`Finn et al.
`Jul. 27, 2010(45) Date of Patent:
`
`
`(54) RFID TOKEN WlTl-l MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: David Finn, Tourmakeady (IE); Dennis
`Ryan, Tipp City, OH (US)
`
`(2006.01)
`G06K 5/00
`(2006.01)
`G083 13/14
`(52) US. Cl.
`....................... 235/492; 235/380; 235/435;
`235/487; 340/5721; 340/5728
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 235/492,
`
`(73) Assignee: DPD Patent Trust Ltd., Tourmakeady,
`County Mayo (IE)
`Subject to any disclaimer the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1170 days.
`
`( * ) Notice‘
`
`235880” 435’ 441’ 449’ 451; 711/115; 340/763”
`.
`.
`340/572'1’ 572.8
`See application file for complete search history.
`Relerences thed
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(56)
`
`(21) Appl- N0: 1 “355,264
`(22) Flled.
`Feb. 15, 2006
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`
`4,367,965 A
`
`1/1983 Speitel et a1.
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Related US. Application Data
`(63) Continuation—impart of application No. ll/295,685,
`filed on Dec. 6, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,632,113, and a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/990,2965
`filed on Nov. 16, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,213,766.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/652,895, filed 011 Feb.
`15, 2005, provisional application No. 60/660,398,
`filed on Mar. 10: 2005: provisional application NO~
`60/664,974, filed on Mar. 24, 2005, provisional appli—
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`_
`_
`_
`_
`ACR38DTDua/Key kchmcalSpecgficatmns,Versnon [.3, Sep. 2004,
`Advanced card gym“ “d" H°ng K°“g‘
`(Continued)
`Primary ExamineriDaniel Walsh
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiGerald E Linden; Dwight A.
`Stauffer
`
`cation No. 60/734,409, filed on Nov. 8, 2005, provi-
`Sional application No. 60/725,8l8, filed on Oct. 12,
`2005: provisional application No. 60/708,707, filed on
`g
`a
`a P
`PP
`:
`Au . 16 2005
`rovisional a
`lication No. 60/708
`628 filed on Au . 16 2005
`rovisional a
`lication
`’ p
`’
`g
`’
`pp .
`.
`N0" 60/69113371 filed on Jun. 16’ 2005’ prOViSional
`application N0 60585503: filed on May 27: 2005:
`PIOViSiOHal application NO- 60/63355415 filed 011 D30
`6, 2004, provisional application NO~ 60/602,595, filed
`onAug. 18, 2004, provisional application No. 60/562,
`204, filed onApr. 14, 2004, provisional application No.
`60/520,698, filed on Nov. 17, 2003.
`Int. Cl.
`G06K 19/06
`G06K 19/00
`G06K 7/00
`
`(200601)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`~
`~
`AirRFIO token apparatus has a connection module for inter-
`facing with an appliance capable ofcommunicating and inter—
`acting With remote servers and networks, a translation mod-
`ule for inov1ng Signals between a USB interface and a smart
`card interface, a processor module which may be capable of
`operating as a dual—interface (DI) chip; and an input/output
`module having at least one RF antenna and a modulator. An
`RFID-contactless interface according to ISO 14443 & ISO
`15693 and/or NFC. A Wireless interface according to ZIG—
`BEE Wireless, BLUETOOTH Wireless, WLAN 802.1 1,
`UWB, USB Wireless and/or any similar interface. An RFID
`reader apparatus has a housing; a slot for a contact or con—
`tactless fob; and a USB stick alternately protruding from the
`housing and retracted within the housing
`'
`13 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`Release
`Pivot
`
`USB Stick
`
`Housing
`Button 1
`
`Button 2
`
`
`
`
`Contactless
`
`Fob
`
`Connector
`
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`5,761,648
`5,773,812
`6,067,235
`6,085,320
`6,148,354
`6,168,077
`6,189,098
`6,240,184
`6,283,658
`6,342,839
`6,370,603
`6,385,677
`6,398,116
`6,505,773
`6,543,690
`6,567,273
`6,658,516
`6,694,399
`6,724,680
`6,744,634
`6,748,541
`6,752,321
`6,763,399
`6,772,956
`6,798, [69
`6,801,956
`6,813,164
`6,839,772
`6,848,045
`6,876,420
`6,879,597
`6,983,888
`7,248,834
`7,597,250
`2001/0043702
`2001/0054148
`2002/0011516
`2002/0053735
`2003/0000267
`2003/0028797
`2003/0087601
`2003/0102380
`2003/0141365
`2003/0169152
`2003/0220876
`2003/0236821
`2004/0030601
`2004/0073726
`2004/0188519
`2005/0109841
`2005/0212690
`2005/0274803
`2006/0148404
`2006/0219776
`2007/0055633
`2007/0250707
`2007/0263596
`2008/0014867
`
`U. S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`A
`6/1998
`Golden et a1.
`A
`6/1998
`Kreft
`A
`5/2000
`Finn et al.
`A
`7/2000
`Kaliski, Jr.
`A
`11/2000
`Ban et a1.
`B1
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`Gray et a1.
`B1
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`Kaliski, Jr.
`B1
`5/2001
`Huynh et a1.
`B1
`9/2001
`Estevez et a1.
`B1
`1/2002
`Curkcndall ct a1.
`B1
`4/2002
`Silvcrman ct a1.
`Yao
`B1
`5/2002
`B1
`6/2002
`Kreft
`B1
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`Palmer et al.
`B2
`4/2003
`Leydier et a1.
`B1
`5/2003
`Liu et a1.
`Yao
`B2
`12/2003
`B1
`2/2004
`Leydier el al.
`B1
`4/2004
`Ng el al.
`Yen
`B2
`6/2004
`B1
`6/2004
`Margalit et a1.
`B1
`6/2004
`Learning
`B2
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`Margalit et a1.
`B1
`8/2004
`Teaming
`B2
`9/2004
`Stratmann ct a1.
`B2
`l0/2004
`Feuser et a1.
`Yen
`B2
`11/2004
`B1
`1/2005
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`B2
`1/2005
`Long et a1.
`B2
`4/2005
`Hong et al.
`B2
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`B2
`1/2006
`Weng
`B2
`7/2007
`Malsuo el al.
`B2 "‘ 10/2009
`Finn ........................... 235/3 80
`A1
`11/2001
`Elteto et a1.
`
`. 713/172
`A1 ""
`12/2001
`Hoornaert et a1.
`235/380
`A1 "‘
`1/2002
`Lee .................
`A1 *
`5/2002
`Neuhaus et a1.
`.....
`. 257/728
`
`A1
`1/2003
`Jacob et 211.
`Al
`2/2003
`Long et a1.
`A1 *
`5/2003
`Agarn et al.
`A1
`6/2003
`Spencer
`A1
`7/2003
`Sowa et al.
`A1
`9/2003
`Char‘rat et a1.
`A1 * 11/2003
`Burger et al.
`A1
`12/2003
`Jiau
`705/16
`..........
`A1 *
`2/2004
`Pond et a1.
`
`A1 "‘
`4/2004
`Margalit et al.
`.. 710/72
`
`A1 "‘
`9/2004
`.. 235/382
`Cassone
`A1
`5/2005
`Finn
`
`340/9322
`A1 *
`9/2005
`Nishikawa .......
`
`A1 *
`12/2005
`...... 235/439
`.
`Al
`7/2006
`Wakim
`Al * 10/2006
`Firm ........................... 235/380
`A1
`3/2007
`Cheon et a1.
`A1
`10/2007
`Noguchi
`Carrat
`A1
`11/2007
`A1 *
`1/2008
`Finn .......................... 455/41.1
`
`
`
`..... 455/39
`
`................. 705/50
`
`2008/0032626 A1
`2009/0006699 A1"‘
`
`2/2008 Chen
`1/2009 Rofougaran ................ 710/304
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`100 60 866 C1
`2/2002
`1063994
`12/2004
`1063995
`12/2004
`2004246720
`9/2004
`W099 38062
`7/ l 999
`W099 52051
`10/1999
`W000 36252
`6/2000
`W000 42491
`7/2000
`W000 65180
`11/2000
`W000 75755
`12/2000
`W001 14179
`3/2001
`W001 38673
`3/2001
`W001 48339
`7/2001
`W001 48342
`7/2001
`W001 61692
`8/2001
`W00139102
`11/2001
`W001 88693
`11/2001
`W001 96990
`12/2001
`W003 014887
`2/2003
`W003 034189
`4/2003
`W004 002058
`12/2003
`W02004 O8l706
`9/2004
`WO2004/081769
`9/2004
`WO2005 022288
`3/2005
`
`DE
`HK
`HK
`JP
`W0
`W0
`WO
`WO
`W0
`WO
`WO
`W0
`WO
`WO
`W0
`W0
`WO
`WO
`W0
`WO
`WO
`W0
`WO
`WO
`
`OTHER PI 1B1 ,lCATIONS
`
`Matsushita blends FER/1M technology with smart cards,
`Hara,Yoshiko, EE Times, Oct. 1, 2004, CMP Media, Manhas—
`set NY.
`Japan ‘s Matsushita developing memory cards with smart
`chipfunction, Oct. 1, 2004, Mercury News, San Jose CA.
`Panasonic Develops RFID smartSD Card, Oct. 4, 2004,
`Palminfocentercom, Sunnyvale CA.
`Panasonic Develops Industry’s First SD Memory Card with
`Contacless Smart Card Capabilities, Oct. 1, 2004, The Japan
`Corporate News Network, Tokyo.
`Panasonic’s Smart SD adds RFID to the mix, Rojas, Peter,
`Oct. 4, 2004, Engadget LLC, New York NY.
`Delivering ultimate security, high performance and ultra low
`power consumption. SmartMX is now in volume supply, NOV.
`18-20, 2003, Cartcs 2003, ar‘is Nor't Villcpintc, France.
`Digilal Righlspils SIMS againsl Flash Cards, Card lee/mol—
`ogy, Balaban, Dan, NOV. 2004, pp. 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, Card
`Technology, Chicago IL.
`Smart MXP5CT072 Secure Dual Interface PKI Smart Card
`Controller, Rev. 1.3, Oct. 2004, Koninklijke Philips Electron—
`ics NV, The Netherlands.
`Vodafone KK Develops Contactless Smart Card Mobile
`Handset, May 6, 2004, IliTEK Magazine, Dubai.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 1 0f5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG 1A
`
`100‘
`104
`102
`
`
`106
`
`108
`
`
`
`USB Plug
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`FIG. 1B
`
`120}
`
`122
`
`g
`
`124
`
`g
`
`128
`
`
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`
`Translation
`Input/Output
`Module
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`:
`
`FIG 1 C
`
`140 x
`
`142
`
`144
`
`146
`
`148
`
`
` USB Plug
`
`
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`150
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 0f5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG ID
`
`400 w
`
`402
`
`USB Plug
`
` Connection
`
`Module
`
`4 1 0
`
`406
`408
`
`
` RJ—45
`Connector
`
`/
`translator
`
`module
`
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`
`
`
`Input
`Module
`
`502
`
`FIG 1B
`
`500 1
`
`504
`
`506
`
`508
`
`USB Plug
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`
`Module
`
`
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
` 510
`
`
`512
`
` 4
`
`51
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 3 0f5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`Housing/Reader
`
`
`
`
`USB Sti\
`\:
`
`Magnetic
`Stripe
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`FIG. 2B
`
`Housing
`
`Release
`Pivot
`
`
`USB Stick
`
`
`Button 1
`
`Connector
`
`
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 4 0f5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3A
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`
`
`
`
`Single Chip USB Controller
`with Memory Management
`
`Wireless Interface
`
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`
`
`RFID Chip
`EEPROM
`
`
`
`FIG. 3B
`
`Interface
`
`Data and Control bus
`
`
`
`—' \
`
`‘ Controller (Memory
`Management), OS with
`
`Embedded USB HUB Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`
`
`Wireless Interface
`
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`SMART
`CARD
`
`Hard Disk
`Drive
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 5 0f5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3C
`
`Other [/0
`Ports
`
`USE from PC
`
`Microcontroller
`
`Memory Management
`Embedded HUB
`
`Control
`dd
`3mm“
`
`
` Gatekeeper
`
`
`
`Internal OS
`USB Devices
`
`memory reader
`such as
`control logic
`wireless/
`
`Bluetooth
`
`Flash Memory
`NAND
`
`FIG. 3D
`
`
`
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Data and Control bus
`—’ \
`USB Controller (Memory
`
`
`Management), OS with
`
`Embedded USB HUB
`
`
`I ontrol bus
`
`Wireless Interface
`
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Flash
`
`Hard Disk
`
`Memory
`
`Drive
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`2
`
`1
`RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`CROSS—REFERENCE TO RPJ ,ATPD
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Banking
`Satellite TV
`Government identification
`Smart cards can be used with a smart—card reader attach—
`5 ment to a personal computer to authenticate a user. (However,
`APPLICATIONS
`these readers are relatively costly, and have not been well
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`accepted by users.) Web browsers also can use smart card
`This Is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. Ser. No. 10/990,296
`technology to supplement Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for
`filed Nov 16, 2904 now U~S~ Pat. No. 7213766
`improved security of Internet transactions. The American
`11115 15 a continuation-in-part 01 Ub- 56T- N0~ 11/291685
`10 Express Online Wallet shows how online purchases work
`filed Dch 6: 2005 HOW U.S.VPVat. N9 7:632:113~
`using a smart card and a PC equipped with a smart-card
`1:111:11?1:algoggggwswnal[IllngOIU-S SCI-NU 60/652,895
`reader. Smart—card readers can also be found in vending
`e
`e ~
`~ 3
`~ ~
`machines.
`This is a non—provisional tiling ol'U.S. Ser. No. 60/660,398
`There are three basic types of smart cards: contact chip,
`filed MVar.10, 2005‘ .
`.-
`V
`.
`.
`_
`This is anon—prov1sional liling 01 US. Ser. No. 60/664,974 15 contactless and dual interface (D1) cards.
`file? Mar. 2.4: 12005.d f
`h f 11
`.
`.
`A contact smart card (or contact chip card) is a plastic card
`rionty IS 10 aimle
`rom t e 0 /meg‘ fil d
`about the size ofa credit card that has an embedded integrated
`5:3:1213321fipphlgzggflgggg/ggg’gfgfil:d 320901; :88:
`circuit (1C) chip to store data. This data is associated with
`.
`.
`1 pp 1.
`.
`‘
`/
`’
`fil d ’
`’
`either value or information or both and is stored and pro-
`Prozgiggona App ication NO’ 60 708‘707
`e Aug. 16‘ 20 cessed within the card’s chip, either a memory or micropro-
`.
`,
`,
`d
`'
`.
`.
`Provisional Application No. 60/708,628 filed Aug. 16,
`cessor 6V1“:
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`V
`.
`..
`V
`.
`V
`V
`V
`.
`2005
`1Th1? predoréiinant contact slmart lei‘db in colrlisumer :ng 6::
`ProvisionalApplication No. 60/691,337 filed Jun. 16, 2005
`te ep 0.116 car S as a. store va ue too orpayp ones an
`a
`.
`.
`cards lor electromc cash payments. Contact smart cards
`.
`.
`PrOViSional Application No. 60/685,503 filed May 27,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`2005
`require the placement of the card in a terminal or automatic
`Provisional Application No. 60/664 974 filed Mar. 24
`teller Vmachine for authentication and datthransaction. VBy
`’
`2005
`’
`inserting the contact smart card into the tenninal, mechanical
`Provisional Application No. 60/660,398 filed Mar. 10,
`arlid electrical contact is made With the embedded chip mod—
`2005
`30 u e(:
`i
`d h
`b dd d
`ProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/652,895 filed Feb. 15,2005
`0:111” 655 math?” 5 13:6 ”gm 6 d e Minna C013
`Patent application Ser. No. 11/295,685 filed Dec. 6, 2005,
`“we (1‘0 a 133°” 11” elf mg I e car. I: I?” 1 “P an
`claiming priority ofProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/633,
`respon to ra 10 waves. T1e enVergy require . or t1e smart
`541 tiled Dec. 6, 2004
`card to manipulate and transmit data is derived from the
`Patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296 filed Nov. 16,2004, 35 eleCtromagneélc field gePer'ZFed by a readthLEmaCtlgss
`claiming priority ofProvisionalApplicationNo.60/602,
`smart car S
`0 not require
`.lreCt contact Wlt
`t e rea er
`because they employ the paSSive transponder technology of
`595 filed Aug. 18, 2004
`R d'
`F
`1d
`’fi
`RFID B .
`.
`h
`.
`ProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/562,204 filedApr. 14, 2004
`adio repuency
`enti “1.30“ ‘(fi
`.
`)‘
`1y JuSt aning t e
`Provisional Application No. 60/520,698 filed Nov. 175
`car neart 1erea er,secVureVi enti cation,e ectronVichayment
`2003
`40 transaction and authentication are completed in milliseconds.
`.
`_
`.
`_
`.
`Contactless chip card technology is based on two stan—
`all 01 which are incorporated by relerence herein, and
`dards: ISO/IEC 14443 Type A and Type B (for proximity
`all ofwhich name Finn as an inventor.
`cards), and ISO/113C 15693 (for Vic1nity cards). Cards that
`comply With these standards operate at the 13.56 MHZ tre-
`45 quency. ISO/IEC 14443 products have a range ofup to 10 cm
`(centimeters), while 180/113C 15693 products can operate at a
`range between 50 and 70 cm.
`Dual interface (D1) cards, sometimes called combination
`chip cards, are microprocessor multi-l'unction cards that
`50 incorporate both the functions of a contact chip card and a
`contactless card. Within the smart card is a microprocessor or
`micro-controller chip with radio frequency identification
`A smart card resembles a credit card in size and shape. (See
`(RFID) capability that manages the memory allocation and
`ISO 7810). The inside of a smart card usually contains an
`file access. The on-board memory is shared and can be
`embedded 8-bit microprocessor. The microprocessor is under
`a gold contact pad on one side of the card. Smarts cards may 55 accessed either in contact or contactless mode.
`typically have 1 kilobyte 0f RAM1 24 kilobytes 0f ROM1 16
`This type of chip is similar to those found inside all per—
`kilobytes ofprogrammable ROM, and an 8-bit microproces—
`sonal computers and when implanted in a smart card, inan-
`sor running at 5 MHZ. The smart card uses a serial interface
`ages data in organized file structures, via a card operating
`and receives its power from extemal SOHI‘CBS like a card
`system. This capability permits different and multiple func-
`reader. The processor uses a limited instruction set for appli- 60 tions and/or different applications to reside on the card.
`cations such as cryptography. The most common smart card
`A dual interface (D1) card is ideal for single and multi—
`applications are:
`application markets ranging from micro-payment (conve-
`Credit cards
`nient alternative to low value cash transaction) to e—commerce
`Electronic cash
`and from ticketing in mass transit to secure identification for
`Computer security systems
`cross border control. Originally, such cards were intended to
`Wireless communication
`be used in conjunction with a reader connected to a PC for
`Loyalty systems (like frequent flyer points)
`downloading tickets, tokens, or electronic money via the con-
`
`This invention relates generally to RFID technology, and
`also to smart card technology.
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`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
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`tact interface and used in contactless mode in the application
`for physical access or proximity payment
`Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
`derive their energy from the electromagnetic field radiated
`from the reader. Because of inteniational power transmission
`restrictions at the frequencies of 125 KHZ and 13,56 MHZ, the
`contactless integrated circuits are generally low voltage and
`low power devices. Read/Write circuits use low voltage
`EEPROM and low power analogue cells. The read/write
`memory capacity in transponders, contact smart cards, con-
`tactless memory based smart cards, dual interface smart cards
`(contact & contactless) and multi-interface micro-controllers
`is generally limited to approximately 64 kilobytes.
`The dual interface (DI) smart cards typically have an 8, 16
`or 32 bit microprocessor controller, operate at a low voltage of
`1.8V—5V and run at an internal frequency of 5 or 15 MHZ. The
`open platform architecture includes memory management,
`non volatile memory, contactless interfaces and security fea-
`tures such as Advanced Crypto Engine (ACE) 1 100 bit, triple
`DES encryption and RSA.
`High performance crypto controllers with multiple inter—
`faces such as USB, ISO 14443 Type A, B, Felica have been
`developed for multi—functional smart cards in applications
`such as security access, healthcare, electronic purse, banking
`etc.
`The main focus of the smart card industry has been 011
`secure card applications where large memory capacity is not
`of paramount importance, and/or where pertinent infonna-
`tion and application software is stored at a centralized server
`location.
`Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296
`(the ’296 application) generally discloses a compact personal
`token apparatus, suitably resembling a conventional USB
`memory fob in size, shape, and form which can be plugged
`into a PC and interfaced with the virtual world ofthe Internet.
`The apparatus is capable of loading and storing infonnation
`from the Internet, via the PC to its flash memory or EEPROM
`and then using the stored information or value via its contact—
`less or wireless interface in the real world. The apparatus is
`capable of implementing an auto—run application, when
`inserted into a personal computer. The apparatus is capable of
`exchanging information with other devices having compat—
`ible interfaces. The apparatus can also function as a firewall
`when plugged between an Internet connection and a PC.
`Apart from using USB tokens for file storage, they are also
`used for desktop settings, screen lock, network login & access
`control, log book, user authentication (storing digital signa-
`tures, certificates, key sets, finger-based biometric templates,
`useniames and passwords), digital content and transaction
`security as well as enterprise and Internet security.
`A USB token can also be used to download emails,
`remotely access a PC or to open a customized browser that
`allows the user to surf the Web with total privacy.
`Recent developments in USB flash memory drives have
`resulted in CDROM—like auto—run devices that automatically
`execute a file when the USB token is inserted into a PC. The
`read—only and auto—run contents are installed during the
`manufacturing process. Examples of auto-run contents
`include opening a website, running a demo application, show—
`ing a presentation, making a product pitch, providing custom-
`ers with discount coupons etc.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,763,399, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “USB key apparatus for interacting with a USB host
`via a USB port” describes a smart cardihost system that
`operates without the intermediation of a smart card reader.
`The smart cardihost system comprises a host, which has a
`USB interface, and a portable device, which provides smart
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`card function(s). The portable device has a smart card chip for
`performing the smart card function(s); a USB interface for
`connecting the portable device with the host via USB proto-
`col; and a microprocessor for controlling the transfer of data
`between the USB interface and the smart card chip, for con-
`verting data from a USB format to the format ofthe smart card
`chip and for converting data from the fonnat of the smart card
`chip to a USB format.
`U.S. Pat. N 0. 6,801,956, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “Arrangement with a l\/Iicroprocessor” describes an
`arrangement with a microprocessor, particularly a micropro-
`cessor for use in a chip card. The arrangement includes a
`microprocessor, which is connected to at least a USB inter—
`faces and an ISO interface for exchanging data signals. A
`selection unit within the microprocessor may be configured to
`select between the USB and ISO interfaces, and a switching
`unit within the microprocessor may be configured to subse—
`quently switch between the USB and ISO interfaces by initi-
`ating an internal reset of the microprocessor.
`Inten1ational Patent Publication No. W0 01/96990, incor-
`porated by reference herein, entitled “USB—Compliant Per—
`sonal Key using a Smartcard Processor and a Smartcard
`Reader Emulator” describes a compact, self—contained, per—
`sonal key. The personal key comprises a USB-compliant
`intcrfacc rclcascably couplcablc to a host processing device
`operating under command of an operating system; a smart-
`card processor having a smartcard processor-compliant inter-
`face of communicating according to a smartcard input and
`output protocol; and an interface processor, communicatively
`coupled to the USE-compliant interface and to the smartcard
`processor-compliant interface, the interface processor imple-
`menting a translation module for interpreting USB—compliant
`messages into smartcard processor-compliant messages and
`for interpreting smartcard processor—compliant messages into
`USE-compliant messages.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0236821, incorporated
`by reference herein, describes a body wearable personal net-
`work server device having a display, function keys, alarm
`output indicators, a disk drive to receive and store client’s
`data, and communication devices to communicate to its cli—
`ents, such as mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA),
`personal computer, and notebook computer. A body wearable
`personal network device also containing software modules;
`such as a protocol handler to handle Intemet based protocols
`XML/FTP/HTTP/TCP/IP, diagnostic system to automati-
`cally transmit of notification messages to its clients, and
`various applications to provide various services for its clients.
`A body wearable personal network device having gate way
`functionality between PAN (using BLUE’I'OO’I'H wireless)
`and WLAN (using IEEE 802.11b).
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,148,354, incorporated by reference herein,
`describes a flash memory device, containing one or more
`flash modules, in which the flash memory is mapped to the
`address space of an ASIC or a controller which has a USB-
`defined electrical interface and a USB—delined logical inter—
`face. This controller/ASIC (hereinafter termed a “controller”)
`supports the USB functionality according to the USB stan—
`dard, thereby supporting enumeration onto the USB bus, as
`well as data reception and transmission over USB pipes to and
`from USB endpoints. This controller also supports the func-
`tionalin and control ofthe flash memory device, as well as the
`processing of command and data packets from the host con-
`troller. The host controller uses one of several possible pro—
`tocols, either standard or proprietary, to signal the next corn-
`mand to be performed to the USB flash controller. Thus, the
`entire device acts as a dynamically attachable/detachable
`non-volatile storage device for the host platform. The primary
`
`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 BZ
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`below were taken from World Wide Web at webopedia.com.
`function of the controller is memory management and to
`Some of the terms set forth below may be registered trade—
`directly interface between the host computing device and the
`marks (®).
`flash memory.
`ADPCM Short for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modu—
`US. Pat. No. 6,763,399 (“Alladin”), incorporated by ref-
`lation. ADPCM is a fonn of pulse code modulation (PCM)
`erence herein, describes a portable device, for providing
`that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than
`smart card function(s), said portable device having thereon a
`standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by
`smart card chip, for performing said smart card function(s), a
`recording only the difference between samples and adjust-
`USB interface, for connecting said portable device with said
`ing the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large
`host via USB protocol; and a microprocessor, for enabling at
`and small differences. Some applications use ADPCM to
`.
`.
`.
`digitize a voice signal so voice and data can be transmitted
`least one function selected from the grOPP “11181.5ng Of con-
`simultaneously over a digital facility normally used only
`trolling the transfer of data between said USB interface and
`for one or the other.
`said smart card chip, for converting data from a USB fonnat
`ATA Short for Advanced Technology Attachment. ATA is a
`to the format of said smart card chip and for converting data
`disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on
`from the format 0f said smart card chip T0 a USB format. The 15
`the disk drive itself. There are several versions ofATA, all
`portable device is configured to translate the USB comrnuni—
`developed by the Small Form Factor (SFF) Committee:
`cations from USB protocol, into sriiart card protocol such as
`ATA: Known also as IDE, supports one or two hard drives,
`an ISO 7816 protocol, and from smart card protocol into USB
`a 16—bit interface and P10 modes 0, l and 2.
`protocol and a smart card chip operative to perform at least
`ATA-22 Supports faster P10 modes (3 and 4) and multi-
`one smart card function such as authentication, encryption, 20
`word DMA modes (1 and 2)-A150 SUPPOHS logical bIOCk
`access control and secure rnernory. lnAlladin, the term “smart
`addressing (LBA) and bIOCk transfers. ATA'Z i5 mar-
`card” refers to a plastic card with an embedded chip, which
`ATlfftgdlS/IS Fast ATA and anilinSed IDE (EIDE)'
`interacts with a smart card reader.
`'
`I
`“m melon ‘0
`‘
`'
`‘
`Patent Publication W001/61692, inco orated b
`rel'er—
`Ult3r3a-ATA: [Artilso calltled IfltgiI/EXIA’ 1:11:33” ahd Dbl/[1343-
`ence herein, describes aportable data storage device cgmpris-
`M133 5181ppO S mu iwor
`1110 e
`running a
`ing a coupling device for coupling to a computer serial bus, an
`ATA/GE‘.A version ofATA ro osed b Quantum Cor 0-
`interface device coupled to the coupling device, a memory
`ration and su
`orted bp 11:1tel In; doubles ATX’S
`control device and a non—volatile solid—state memory device;
`through ut to OEPMB s y
`’
`the memory control device being coupled between the inter- 30
`ATAH 00. an 11 dated sersion of ATA/66 that increases
`face device and the memory device to control the flow of data
`data transfer ihates to 100 MB s
`from the memory device to the coupling device. The interface
`ATA is also called Parallel ATA pContrast with Serial ATA
`device comprises Of a universal serial bus (USB) driver to
`SERIAL ATA Often abbreviated SATA or S—ATA an evo—
`convert data between a USB format and a PC fomiat. Alter-
`lution of the Parallel ATA physical storage interface
`natively, the interface device comprises of a driver for IEEE 35
`Serial ATA is a serial linkia sin le cable with a mini;
`1394 (FireWire) protocol. The configuration as described is a
`7
`mum of four wires creates a pOiIi-tO-pOint connection
`modular eppmmh to the memory management controller
`between devices. Transfer rates for Serial ATA begin at
`prov1ded m the UZS' Pat NO' 6’148’354'.
`150 MBps. One of the main design advantages of Serial
`Patent Publication .NO‘ WOOO/42491, incorporated by ref—
`ATA is that the thinner serial cables facilitate more efli—
`erence herems deserlbes a cryptographic USB token as a 40
`cient airflow inside a fomi factor and also allow for
`compact personal token, comprising: a USE—compliant inter—
`smaller chassis designs. In contrast, IDE cables used in
`face releasably COUPleable to a host processing device; a
`parallel ATA systems are bulkier than Serial ATA cables
`memory; a processor, communicatively coupled to the
`and can only extend to 40 cm long, while Serial ATA
`memory and cornrnuriicatively coupleable to the host pro-
`cables can extend up to one meter. Serial ATA supports
`cessing device via the USE-compliant interface, the proces- 45
`all ATA and ATAPI devices. Source: World Wide Web at
`sor for prov1d1ng the host process1ng dev1ce conditional
`webopedia.com
`access to data storable in the memory; and a user input device,
`AVI Short for Audio Video lnterleave. AVI is the file format
`cornrnunicatively coupled to the processor by a path distinct
`for Microsoft’s Video for Windows standard.
`from the USE-compliant interface”. The compact personal
`token or key as described includes a processor and a memory 50 BLUETOOTH wireless A wireless technology developed by
`which implements software protection schemes to prevent
`Ericsson, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba that specifies how
`copying and unauthorized use. The personal key provides for
`mobile phones, computers and PDAs interconnect with
`the storage and management of digital certificates, allowing
`each other, with computers, and with office or home
`the user to store all of his or her digital certificates in one
`phones. The technology enables data connections between
`media that Is portable from platform r0 platform. 1h another 55
`electronic devices in the 2.4 GHz range at 720 Kbps (kilo
`embodiment, the personal key comprises a biometric sensor
`bits per second) within a 30-foot range. BLUETOOTH
`disposed to measure biometrics such as fingerprint data. The
`wireless uses low—power radio frequencies to transfer
`biometric sensor measures characteristics of the person hold—
`information wirelessly between similarly equipped
`ing the key (such as fingerprints) to confirm that the person
`devices. BLUETOOTH wireless wireless technology sup—
`possessing the key Is the actual owner or the key.
`ports ad hoc networking, enables devices from many dif-
`ferent manufacturers to pair with each other and estab—
`GLOSSARY, DEFlN l'l'lON S, BACKGROUND
`lishes secure connections “on the fly”. It is good at real-
`time data in synchronous connected oriented mode, but
`requires relatively high power,
`so is unsuitable for
`extremely small battery-powered applications.
`ByteA binary digital signal is essentially a string of ones and
`zerosiin other words, one voltage level or another, typi-
`
`The following terms may be used throughout the descrip-
`tions presented herein and should generally be given the
`following meaning unless contradicted or elaborated upon by
`other descriptions set fonh herein. Many of the definitions
`
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`PayPaI Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`
`|PR2019—00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00906 (US 9,059,969)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
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`cally with no values in-between. Since having only two
`fingers (or one, depending on how you count) is not a very
`useful means of representing a wide number of variables,
`such as letters of the alphabet, it soon became apparent to
`bundle bits into bytes, such as eight bits to a byte. An 8-bit
`byte can represent 28:256 different values, generally
`plenty for representing letters of an alphabet, numerals and
`special characters. When more different values are needed,
`the bytes can be made longer (more bits per byte), or bytes
`can be strung together into words. MB is short for mega-
`byte, one million bytes.
`Challenge-Response An OTP method in which a challenge is
`entered or sent to the token and this challenge is combined
`with the credential
`through an algorithm to create a
`respo