US007762470B2
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`10) Patent No.:
`») United States Patent
`3
`’
`Finn etal.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Jul, 27, 2010
`
`
`(54) RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: David Finn, Tourmakeady (IE); Dennis
`Ryan, Tipp City, OH (US)
`(73) Assignee: DPD Patent Trust Ltd., Tourmakcady,
`County Mayo (IF)
`(*) Not
`Sublect 4
`“lisclai
`thet
`ethi
`this
`term of
`ubject
`to anydisclaimer,
`otice:
`the
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`USS.C. 154(b) by 1170 days.
`
`(2006.01)
`G06K 5/00
`(2006.01)
`GO8B 13/14
`(52) U.S.Cee 235/492; 235/380; 235/435;
`235/487; 340/572.1; 340/572.8
`
`». 235/492,
`(58) Field of Classification Search ........
`
`235/380, 435, 441, 449,451, eyeLope
`or
`poles
`.
`See application file for complete search history.
`oat
`References Cited
`
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`
`(56)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 11/355,264
`(22) Filed:
`Feb. 15, 2006
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2006/0208066 Al
`Sep. 21, 2006
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/295,685,
`filed on Dec. 6, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,632,113, and a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/990,296,
`filed on Nov. 16, 2004, nowPat. No. 7,213,766.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/652,895, filed on Feb.
`15, 2005, provisional application No. 60/660,398,
`filed on Mar. 10, 2005, provisional application No.
`60/664,974, filed on Mar. 24, 2005, provisional appli-
`cation No. 60/734,409. filed on Nov. 8, 2005, provi-
`sional application No. 60/725,818, filed on Oct. 12,
`2005, provisional application No. 60/708,707,filed on
`we
`Aug. 16, 2005, provisional application No. 60/708,
`.
`oe
`628, Hed on Aug. 16, 2005, provisional application
`No. 60/691,337, filed on Jun. 16, 2005, provisional
`application No. 60/685,503, filed on May 27, 2005,
`provisional application No. 60"633,541, filed on Dec.
`6, 2004, provisional application No. 60/602,595, filed
`on Aug.18, 2004, provisional application No. 60/562,
`204, filed onApr. 14, 2004, provisional application No.
`60/520,698,filed on Nov. 17, 2003.
`Int.Cl
`or
`GOK 19/06
`G06K 19/00
`GO6K 7/00
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`.
`
`DE
`
`4,367,965 A
`
`1/1983 Spcitel ot al.
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`19631050
`2/1998
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICALIONS
`;
`a. .
`.
`;
`ARSEDDua TechnicalSpecifications,Version 1.3, Sep. 2004,
`Aqvanced
`Card
`Systems
`Ltd.Hong hong.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner—Danicl Walsh
`(74) Adiorney, Agent, or Firm—Gerald E Linden; Dwight A.
`Stauffer
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`:
`.
`AnRT'ID token apparatus has a connection moduleforinter-
`facing with an appliance capable of communicating andinter-
`.
`.
`”
`:
`acting with remote servers and networks, a translation mod-
`ule for moving signals between a USBinterface and a smart
`card interface, a processor module which may be capable of
`operating as a dual-interface (DI) chip; and an input/output
`module having at least one RI’ antenna and a modulator. An
`
`RkID-contactless interface according to [ISO 14443 & ISO
`15693 and/or NFC. A wireless interface according to 71G-
`
`BLE wireless, BLUETOOTII wireless, WLAN 802.11,
`UWB, USB wireless and/or any similar interface. An RFID
`reader apparatus has a housing; a slot for a contact or con-
`tactless fob: and a USBstick alternately protruding from the
`housing and retracted within the housin
`5
`5.
`13 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`Release
`
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 1 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 1 of 31
`
`

`

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`2002/0053735 A1*
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`/
`2003/0000267 Al
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`Tong et al
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`200370236821 Al
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`stores ett oodst ala
`yey)
`
`sonal
`ees
`ee
`argalit ct
`al.
`one
`2004/0188519 A1*
`9/2004 Cassonc
`-- 235/382
`2005/0109841 Al
`5/2005 Finn
`
`.. 340/032.2
`2005/0212690 Al*
`9/2005 Nishikawa .
`
`2005/0274803 AL® 12/2005 Lee ccccccccccccccccescecceceece 235/439
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`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S, PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`2009/0006699 Al*
`
`2/2008 Chen
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`
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`6/2000
`7/2000
`11/2000
`12/2000
`3/2001
`3/2001
`.
`7/2001
`7/2001
`7
`8/2001
`11/2001
`{1/2001
`12/2001
`2/2003
`4/2003
`12/2003
`9/2004
`9/2004
`3/2005
`
`DE
`HK
`HK
`JP
`WO
`WO
`WO
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`WO
`WO
`wo
`Wo
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`Wo
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`100 60 866 Cl
`1063994
`1063995
`2004246720
`WO99 38062
`WO99 52051
`WO00 36252
`WO00 42491
`WO00 65180
`WO00 75735
`WOO! 14179
`WOUL 38673
`WOOL 48339
`WoO01 48342
`.
`WO01 61692
`WOOL 39102
`WOOL 88693
`WOOUL 96990
`WO03 014887
`WO03 034189
`W004 002058
`WO2004 081706
`WO02004/081769
`WO2005 022288
`:
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`:
`:
`Matsushita blends FERAM technology with smart cards,
`
`Hara, Yoshiko, EE Times, Oct. 1, 2004, CMP Media, Manhas-
`set NY.
`Japan's Matsushita developing memory cards with smart
`chipfunction, Oct. 1, 2004, Mercury News, San Jose CA.
`Panasonic Develops RFID smartSD Card, Oct. 4, 2004,
`iat
`.
`.
`.
`Palminfocenter.com, Sunnyvale CA.
`:
`.
`;
`.
`Panasonic Develops Industry’s First SD Memory Card with
`Contacless Smart Card Capabilities, Oct. 1, 2004, The Japan
`Corporate News Network, Tokyo.
`Panasonic’s Smart SD adds RFID to the mix, Rojas, Peter,
`Oct. 4, 2004, Engadget LLC, New York NY.
`Delivering ultimate security, high performance and ultra lew
`power consumption, SmartMXis nowin volume supply, Nov.
`18-20, 2003, Cartes 2003, aris Nort Villepinte, Dance.
`Digital Rightspits SIMS against Flash Cards, Card Technol-
`ogy, Balaban, Dan, Nov. 2004, pp. 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, Card
`Technology, Chicago IL.
`;
`Smart MXP5CT072 Secure Dual Interface PKI Smart Card
`Controller, Rev. 1.3, Oct. 2004, Koninklijke Philips Electron-
`ics NV, ‘he Netherlands.
`Vodafone KK Develops Contactless Smart Card Mobile
`Handset, May 6, 2004, HiTEK Magazine, Dubai.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 2 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 2 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet1 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`USB Plug
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`FIG. 1B
`120
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`122
`
`D124
`
`:
`
`128
` USB Plug
`
`
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`: Translation
`: Module
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`FIG 1C
`140 y
`
`142
`
`144
`
`146
`
`148
` USB Plug
`
`
`
`
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`150
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 3 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 3 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`402
`
`406
`
`FIG 1D
`400>
`408
`
`
`RJ-45
`
`Connector
` USB Plug
`
`
`/
`translator
`
`
`
`module
`
`
` Processor
`Connection
`
`Module
`
`Module 410
`
`Module
`
`502
`
`504
`
`506
`
`FIG 1E
`500+
`
`Module
`
`508
` USB Plug
`
`
` Processor
`Connection
`Translation
`Input/Output
`Module
`Module
`Module
`
`$10
`
` Switches
`
`512
`
`514
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page4 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 4 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 3 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`Housing/Reader
`
`USBJSQx
`
`
`Magnetic
`Stripe
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`Recess
`
`FIG, 2B
`
`
`
`Release
`
`Housing
`
`
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 5 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 5 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 4 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3A
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Data and Control bus
`_
`
`
`
`
`
`
`_ Controller (Memory
`Management), OS with
`Embedded USB HUB
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Flash
`SMART
`Hard Disk
`Memory
`CARD
`Drive
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 6 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 6 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 5 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3C
`
`
`
` Power
`
`Power
`(step down 5v to 3.3v)
`
`from USB
`
`
`Gatekeeper
`Flash Memory
`
`
`Microcontroller PT NAND
`
`
`
`Memory Management
`
`Data
`Embedded HUB
`
`
`
`Datat
`Data-
`[Gihervo
`
`
`
`Ports
`
`
`USB from PC
`
`
`
`
`Internal OS
`USB Devices
`
`memory reader
`such as
`control logic
`wireless/
`
`Bluetooth
`
`FIG. 3D
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Data and Control bus
`
`
`
`
`
` Controller (Memory
`
`Management), OS with
`Embedded USB HUB
` Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`
`
`Flash
`Memory
`
`Hard Disk
`Drive
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 7 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 7 of 31
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`2
`
`1
`RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`
`
`
`APPLICATIONS
`
`
`
`Banking
`Satellite TV
`Government identification
`Smart cards can be used with a smart-card reader allach-
`mentto a personal computerto authenticate a user. ([lowever,
`these readers are relatively costly, and have not been well
`This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/990,296
`accepted by users.) Web browsers also can use smart card
`filed Nov. 16, 2004 nowU.S. Pat. No. 7,213,766.
`technology to supplement Secure Sockets Layer (SSI.) for
`‘This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/295,685
`improved security of Internet transactions. The American
`10 Express Online Wallct shows how online purchases work
`filed Dec. 6, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,113.
`using a smart card and a PC equipped with a smart-card
`This is anon-provisional filing of U.S. Ser. No. 60/652,895
`reader. Smart-card. readers can also be found in vending
`meee 15, 2005. sional filing
`ofUS,
`Ser.
`No.
`60/660.398
`machines.
`is is anon-provisional
`filing of
`U.S.
`Ser.
`No.
`.
`There are three basic types of smart cards: contact chip,
`15
`megMar 10, 2005. ssional
`filinz
`of7.8.
`Ser.
`No.
`60/664.974.
`15 contactless and dual interface (DI) cards.
`1S 18 anon-provisional
`Ning OF
`17.5. Ser.
`:
`NO.
`A contact smart card (or contact chip card) is a plastic card
`feeMar. 24, tee.fi
`he
`following:
`aboutthe size ofa credit cardthathas an embeddedintegrated
`Prsvisn is lAnph ~ honN e 60734.409 filed Nov.
`8.2005
`circuit UC) chip to store data. This data is associated with
`Provisionalee 60/736 218 filed OtI 7 5005
`cither value or information or both and is stored and pro-
`Provisional AP cali
`N,
`60/708 707 filed 5 >
`16
`008 Application
`No.
`>
`Hed Aug.
`19; 29 cessed within the card’s chip, either a memory or micropro-
`wy
`.
`a
`device.
`Provisional Application No. 60/708,628 filed Aug. 16, ee ee
`.
`=
`The predominant contact smart cards in consumeruse are
`2005
`telephone cards as a stored value tool for
`pay phones andbank
`Provisional Application No. 60/691 ,337filed Jun. 16, 2005
`P
`wars ages
`pay
`.
`.
`cards for electronic cash payments. Contact smart cards
`.
`~
`Provisional Application No. 60/685,503 filed May 27, 25
`:
`_.
`: oa _
`:
`an
`2005
`require the placement of the card in a lerminal or automatic
`Provisional Application No. 60/664,974 filed Mar. 24,
`teller machine for authentication and data transaction. By
`2005
`inserting the contact smart card into the terminal, mechanical
`Provisional Application No. 60/660,398 liled Mar. 10
`and electrical contact is made with the embedded chip mod-
`200°
`x nC
`1
`ds h
`bedded
`ProvisionalApplicationNo.60/652,895filedFeb. 15, 2005
`Neteaaartieaabligs the ened to nichny oni
`Patent application Ser. No. 11/295,685 filed Dec. 6, 2005,
`necte i a ‘diowe MPs Th ing the care
`éve hee an
`claimingpriority ofProvisional Application No. 60/633,
`respond to radio waves.
`[he energy required tor the smart
`541 filed Dec. 6, 2004
`card to manipulate and transmit data is derived [rom the
`Patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296 filed Nov. 16,2004,
`35 electromagnetic field generaed bya reader.1tactics
`claiming priority ofProvisionalApplication No. 60/602,
`smart cards
`do not require
`direct contact with
`the reader
`because they employ the passive transponder technologyof
`595 filed Aug. 18, 2004
`Radio F
`Identification
`(RFID). By j
`‘ino
`th
`ProvisionalApplication No. 60/562,204 filedApr. 14, 2004
`adio Frequency
`Identification (RFID).
`By just waving the
`Provisional Application No. 60/520.698 filed Nov. 17,
`card nearthe reader, secureidentification, electronicpayment
`2003
`aq transaction and authentication are completed in milliseconds.
`Contactless chip card technology is based on two stan-
`dards: ISO/IEC 14443 ‘lype A and ‘lype B (for proximity
`cards), and ISO/IEC 15693 (for vicinity cards). Cards that
`comply with these standards operate at the 13.56 MHz Ire-
`4s quency. ISO/IEC 14443 products have a range ofup to 10cm
`(centimeters), while ISO/IEC 15693 products canoperate at a
`range between 50 and 70 cm.
`Dualinterface (DI) cards, sometimes called combination
`chip cards, are microprocessor multi-function cards that
`59 incorporate both the functions of a contact chip card and a
`contactless card. Within the smart card. is a microprocessor or
`micro-controller chip with radio frequency identification
`Asmart card resembles a credit card in size and shape. (See
`(RFID) capability that manages the memoryallocation and
`ISO 7810). The inside of a smart card usually contains an
`file access. The on-board memory is shared and can be
`embedded8-bil microprocessor. The microprocessor is under
`a gold contact pad on oneside of the card. Smarts cards may 55 accessed either in contact or contactless mode.
`ppically nave 1 Koby'eaN “kilobytes ofROM,16
`This type of chip is similar to those found inside all per-
`<ilobytes of programmable
`, and an 8-bit microproces-
`sonal computers and when implanted in a smart card, man-
`sor running at 5 MHz. The smart card uses a serial interface
`ages data in organizedfile structures, via a card operating,
`and receives its power from external sources like a card
`system. This capability permits different and multiple func-
`qrcader. Theprocessoruses a limited instruction set for appli- gq tions and/or different applicationsto reside onthe card.
`cations such as cryptography. ‘The most commonsmart card
`A dual interface (DI) card is ideal for single and multi-
`applications are:
`application markets ranging from micro-payment (conve-
`Credit cards
`nient alternative to low value cashtransaction) to e-commerce
`Electronic cash
`and from ticketing in mass transit to secure identification for
`Computer security systems
`65 cross border control. Originally, such cards were intended to
`Wireless communication
`be used in conjunction with a reader connected to a PC for
`Loyalty systems(like frequentflyer points)
`downloadingtickets, tokens, or electronic moneyvia the con-
`
`;
`;
`;
`all of which are incorporated byreference herein, and
`all of which name Finnas an inventor.
`
`
`
`
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to RFID technology, and
`also to smart card technology.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF‘THE INVENTION
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 8 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 8 of 31
`
`

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`US 7,762,470 B2
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`tact interface and used in contactless modein the application
`for physical access or proximity payment
`Passive radio frequency identification (RI'ID) devices
`derive their energy from the electromagnetic field radiated
`from the reader. Becauseof international powertransmission
`restrictions at the frequencies of 125 KHz and 13,56 MHy,the
`contactless integrated circuits are generally low voltage and
`low power devices. Read/Write circuits use low voltage
`EEPROM and low power analogue cells.
`‘The read/write
`memorycapacity in transponders, contact smart cards, con-
`tactless memory based smart cards, dual interface smart cards
`(contact & contactless) and multi-interface micro-controllers
`is generally limited to approximately 64 kilobytes.
`The dual interface (DI) smart cardstypically have an 8, 16
`or 32 bit microprocessorcontroller, operate at a low voltage of
`1.8V-5Vand runat aninternal frequencyof 5 or 15 MHz. The
`open platform architecture includes memory management,
`nonvolatile memory, contactless interfaces and security fea-
`tures such as Advanced Crypto Engine (ACE) 1100bit,triple
`DESencryption and RSA.
`Iligh performance crypto controllers with multiple inter-
`faces such as USB, ISO 14443 Type A, B, Felica have been
`developed for multi-functional smart cards in applications
`such assecurity access, healthcare, electronic purse, banking
`etc.
`The main focus of the smart card industry has been on
`secure card applications where large memory capacityis not
`of paramount importance, and/or where pertinent informa-
`tion and application sofiware is stored at a centralized server
`location.
`Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296
`(the *296 application) generally discloses a compact personal
`token apparatus, suitably resembling a conventional USB
`memoryfob in size, shape, and form which can be plugged
`into a PC and interfaced with the virtual world ofthe Internet.
`‘The apparatus is capable ofloading and storing information
`
`from the Internet, via the PC to its flash memory or EEPROM
`andthen using the stored informationor value via ils contact-
`less or wireless interface in the real world. The apparatus is
`capable of implementing an auto-run application, when
`inserted into a personal computer. The apparatusis capable of
`exchanging information with other devices having compat-
`ible interfaces. The apparatus can also function asa firewall
`when plugged between an Internet connection and a PC.
`Apart from using USB tokensforfile storage, they are also
`used for desktop settings, screen lock, network login & access
`control, log book, user authentication (storing digital signa-
`tures, certificates, key sets, finger-based biometric templates,
`usernames and passwords), digital content and transaction
`security as well as enterprise and Internet security.
`A USB token can also be used to download emails,
`remotely access a PC or to open a customized browserthat
`allows the user to surf the Web with total privacy.
`Recent developments in USB flash memory drives have
`resulted in CDROM-like auto-run devices that automatically
`execute a [ile when the USB tokenis inserted into a PC. The
`read-only and auto-run contents are installed during the
`manufacturing process. Examples of auto-run contents
`include opening a website, running a demoapplication, show-
`ing a presentation, making a product pitch, providing custom-
`ers with discount couponsetc.
`US. Pat. No. 6,763,399, incorporated by referencehercin,
`entitled “USB keyapparatus for interacting with a USB host
`via a USBport” describes a smart card—host system that
`operates without the intermediation of a smart card reader.
`The smart card—host system comprises a host, which has a
`USBinterface, and a portable device, which provides smart
`
`wn
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`Le
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`wn a
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`card function(s). The portable device has a smart card chip for
`performing the smart card function(s); a USB interface for
`connecting the portable device with the host via USB proto-
`col; and a microprocessor for controlling the transfer of data
`between the USB interface and the smart card chip, for con-
`verting data from a USB formatto the formatofthe smart card
`chip and for converting data from the format of the smart card
`chip to a USB format.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,801,956, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “Arrangement with a Microprocessor” describes an
`arrangement with a microprocessor, particularly a micropro-
`cessor for use in a chip card. The arrangement includes a
`microprocessor, which is connected to at least a USB inter-
`faces and an ISO interface for exchanging data signals. A
`selection unit within the microprocessor maybe configured to
`select between the USB and ISO interfaces, and a switching
`unit within the microprocessor may be configured to subse-
`quently switch between the USB andISOinterfaces by initi-
`ating an internal reset of the microprocessor.
`International Patent Publication No. WO 01/96990,incor-
`porated by reference herein, entitled “USB-Compliant Per-
`sonal Key using a Smartcard Processor and a Smartcard
`
`Reader Emulator” describes a compact, self-contained, per-
`sonal key. The personal key comprises a USB-compliant
`interface releaseably coupleable to a host processing device
`operating under commandof an operating system; a smart-
`card processor having, a smartcard processor-compliant inter-
`face of communicating according to a smartcard input and
`output protocol; and an interlace processor, communicatively
`coupled to the USB-compliantinterface and to the smartcard
`processor-compliant interface, the interface processor imple-
`menting a translation moduleforinterpreting USB-compliant
`messages into smartcard processor-compliant messages and
`for interpreting smartcard processor-compliant messagesinto
`USB-compliant messages.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0236821, incorporated
`byreference herein, describes a body wearable personal net-
`work server device having a display, function keys, alarm
`output indicators, a disk drive to receive and store client’s
`data, and communication devices to communicate to its cli-
`ents, such as mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA),
`personal computer, and notebook computer. A body wearable
`personal network device also containing software modules;
`suchas a protocol handler to handle Internet based protocols
`XML/FTP/HTTP/PCP/P, diagnostic system to automati-
`cally transmit of notification messages to its clients, and
`various applications to provide variousservices [orils clients.
`A body wearable personal network device having gate way
`
`
`functionality between PAN (using BLUETOOTHwireless)
`
`
`and WLAN(using IEEE 802.11b).
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,148,354, incorporated by reference herein,
`describes a flash memory device, contaiming one or more
`flash modules, in which the flash memory is mapped to the
`address space of an ASIC or a controller which has a USB-
`defined electrical interface and a USB-defined logical inter-
`face. This controller/ASIC (hereinalter lermed a “controller’)
`supports the USB functionality according to the USB stan-
`dard, thereby supporting enumeration onto the USB bus, as
`well as data receptionand transmission over USBpipesto and
`from USB endpoints. This controller also supports the func-
`tionality and controlofthe flash memorydevice, as well as the
`processing of command and data packets from the host con-
`troller. ‘he host controller uses one of several possible pro-
`tocols, either standard or proprietary, to signal the next com-
`mand to be performed to the USB flash controller. Thus, the
`entire device acts as a dynamically attachable/detachable
`non-volatile storage device for the host platform. The primary
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 9 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 9 of 31
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
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`15.
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`function of the controller is memory management and to
`directly interface between the host computing device and the
`flash memory.
`USS. Pat. No. 6,763,399 (“Alladin”), incorporated by ref-
`erence herein, describes a portable device, for providing
`smart card function(s), said portable device having thereon a
`smart card chip, for performing said smart card function(s), a
`USBinterface, for connecting said portable device with said
`host via USB protocol; and a microprocessor, for enabling at
`least one function selected from the group consisting, of con-
`trolling the transfer of data between said USB interface and
`said smart card chip, for converting data from a USB format
`to the format of said smart card chip and for converting data
`from the format of said smart card chip to a USB format. The
`portable device is configured to translate the USB communi-
`cations from USBprotocol, into smart card protocol such as
`an ISO 7816 protocol, and from smart card protocol into USB
`protocol and a smart card chip operative to performat least
`one smart card function such as authentication, encryption, 20
`access control and secure memory. In Alladin,the term “smart
`card”refers to a plastic card with an embedded chip, which
`interacts with a smart card reader.
`Patent Publication WO01/61692, incorporated byrefer-
`enceherein, describes aportable data storage device compris- 8
`ing a coupling device forcoupling to a computerserial bus, an
`interface device coupled to the coupling device. a memory
`control device and a non-volatile solid-state memorydevice;
`the memorycontral device being coupled between the inter- 30
`face device and the memory deviceto control the flowofdata
`fromthe memory deviceto the coupling device. The interface
`device comprises of a universal serial bus (USB) driver to
`convert data between a USB format and a PC format. Alter-
`
`natively, the interface device comprises of a driver for IEEE 35
`1394 (TireWire) protocol. The configuration as described isa
`~~
`moda neach themem1yewen controller
`provided in t ©
`~~ at.
`No.
`6,148,
`.
`Patent Publication No. WO00/42491, incorporated byref-
`erence herein, describes a cryptographic USB token as a 49
`compactpersonaltoken, comprising: a USB-compliantinter-
`face releasably coupleable to a host processing device; a
`memory;
`a processor, communicatively coupled to the
`memory and communicatively coupleable to the host pro-
`cessing device via the USB-compliant interface, the proces- 45
`sor for providing the host processing device conditional
`access to data storable in the memory; and a user input device,
`communicatively coupled to the processor bya path distinct
`from the USB-compliant interface”. The compact personal
`token or key as described includes a processor and a memory
`eh
`0}
`¢
`P
`which implements software protection schemes to prevent
`copying and unauthorized use. The personal key provides for
`the storage and managementof digital certificates, allowing
`:
`:
`the user to store all of his or her digital certificates in one
`mediathat is portable from platform to platform. In another 5;
`embodiment, the personal key comprises a biometric sensor
`disposed to measure biometrics such as fingerprint data. The
`biometric sensor measures characteristics ofthe person hold-
`ing the key (such as fingerprints) to confirm that the person
`possessing the keyis the actual owner of the key.
`
`60
`
`6
`below were taken from World Wide Web at webopedia.com.
`Someofthe terms set forth below may be registered trade-
`marks (&).
`ADPCMShort for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modu-
`lation. ADPCMis a formofpulse code modulation (PCM)
`that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than
`standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by
`recording onlythe difference between samples and adjust-
`ing the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large
`and small differences. Some applications use ADPCM to
`digilize a voice signal so voice and data can be transmitted
`simultaneously over a digital facility normally used only
`for one orthe other.
`ATAShort for Advanced Technology Attachment. ATA is a
`disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on
`the disk drive itself. There are several versions ofATA,all
`developed bythe Small Form Factor (SFF) Committee:
`ATA: Knownalso as IDE, supports one or two hard drives,
`a 16-bit interface and PIO modes0, 1 and 2.
`ATA-2: Supports Laster PIO modes (3 and 4) and multi-
`word DMA modes(1 and 2). Also supports logical block
`addressing (LBA) and block transfers. ATA-2 is mar-
`
`ane’Mi FastATA and Enhanced IDE(EIDE).
`foe witnorrevision to ATA2.
`"
`vim“ALA: Also carted OMA. aa and me
`MB wpe S$ nowor
`moae 2 running ar
`ATeG.‘A version ofATA proposed by Quantum Corpo-
`raltion and supported e hetel
`that doubles ATAtS
`through uit to CeMB 5 y
`;
`ATA/100: an updated Pesion of ATA/66 that increases
`data transfer ves to 100 MBps ”
`ATAis also called Parallel ATA. Contrast with Serial ATA
`SERIAL ATA Often abbreviated SATA or $-ATA. an evo-
`Intion ofthe Parallel ATA physical storage interFace
`Serial ATA is a serial linka single cable with a mini
`mum of four wires creates a point-to-point connection
`between devices. Transfer rates lor Serial ATA begin at
`150 MBps.Oneofthe main design advantages of Serial
`ATAisthat the thinnerserial cables facilitate more effi-
`cient airflow inside a form factor and also allowfor
`smaller chassis designs. In contrast, IDF cables used in
`parallel ATA systemsare bulkier than Serial ATA cables
`and can onlyextend to 40 cm long, while Serial ATA
`cables can extend up to one meter. Serial AVA supports
`all ATA and ATAPI devices. Source: World Wide Webat
`webopedia.com
`AVIShort for Audio Video Interleave. AVIis the file format
`for Microsoft’s Video for Windowsstandard.
`50 BLUETOOTHwireless A wireless technology developed by
`Ericsson,
`Intel, Nokia and Toshiba that specifics how
`mobile phones, computers and PDAs interconnect with
`each other, with computers, and with office or home
`.
`5.
`phones. ‘The technology enables data connections between
`electronic devicesin the 2.4 GHz range at 720 Kbps(kilo
`bits per second) within a 30-foot range. BLUETOOTH
`wireless uses low-power radio frequencies to transfer
`information wirelessly between
`similarly equipped
`devices. BLUETOOTHwireless wireless technology sup-
`ports ad hoe networking, enables devices from many dif-
`ferent manufacturers to pair with each other and estab-
`lishes secure connections “on the fly’. It is good at real-
`time data in synchronous connected oriented mode, but
`requires relatively high power,
`so is unsuitable for
`extremely small battery-powered applications.
`Byte A binary digital signal is essentially a string of ones and
`zeros—in other words, one voltage level or another, typi-
`
`GLOSSARY, DEFINITIONS, BACKGROUND
`
`The following terms maybe used throughout the descrip-
`tions presented herein and should generally be given the 65
`following meaning unless contradicted or elaborated upon by
`other descriptions set forth herein. Manyof the definitions
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 10 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00885 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 10 of 31
`
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`authorized users or marking the content with a digital
`cally with no values in-between. Since having only two
`watermark or similar methodso that the content can not be
`fingers(or one, depending on howyou count) is not a very
`freely distributed.
`useful means of representing a wide numberof variables,
`Ethernet A local-area network (LAN) architecture developed
`such asletters of the alphabet, it soon became apparent to
`
`by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC andIntel
`bundle bits into bytes, such aseight bits to a byte. An 8-bit
`in 1976. Ethernet uses a busor star topology and supports
`byte can represent 28-256 different values, generally
`
`data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification
`plenty for representing letters of an alphabet, numerals and
`served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which
`special characters. When moredifferent values are needed,
`specifies the physical and