Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`
`|PR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`
`Page 1 of 5
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`IPR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`Page 1 of 5
`
`

`

`OVER 500,000 SOLD
`
`111E11111111111's
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
`
`The Authoritative Resource for
`Telecommunications, Networking,
`the Internet and Information Technology
`
`W ORE THAN 20,000 TERMS DEFINED
`t h Updated and Expanded Edition
`cmpBooks18
`by Harry Newton
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`IPR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`Page 2 of 5
`
`

`

`
`
`1
`'
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`|PR2019—00416 (us 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`
`Page 3 of 5
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`IPR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`Page 3 of 5
`
`

`

`NEWTON's TELECOM DICTIONARY
`copyright © 2002 Harry Newton
`email: Harry@HarryNewton.com
`personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`business web site: www.Technologylnvestor.com
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions, including
`the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Published by CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC.
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`
`ISBN Number 1-57820-104-7
`
`February 2002
`
`Eighteenth Edition
`
`For individual orders, and for information on special discounts for quantity orders,
`please contact:
`
`CMP Books
`6600 Silacci Way
`Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: 1-800-500-6875 or 408-848-3854
`Fax: 408-848-5784
`Web: www.cmpbooks.com
`Email: cmp@rushorder.com
`
`This book is also sold through www.Amazon.com, www.Fatbrain.com and
`www.BarnesAndNoble.com
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. and Canada by Publishers Group West
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`IPR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`Page 4 of 5
`
`

`

`d a circuit. That is, a circuit or path is assigned fora call be
`‘
`me" “(it Swit
`d the circuit or path is not shared with other calls.
`a call an
`node, an
`uit Noise level At any paint m a transmission system, ch
`-
`ridge:at that point to some arbitrary amount of crrcurt noise chosen aseu'g'fgfglthearai
`(mutt Order Management. System (OMS. An automoredme'
`stem of MCI circuit- and servrcerelated Information. Processes hardwire Se Wiping
`orders from order entry through scheduling and completion. COMS alsop M“ “Jan
`order data, hardwire customer data, and circuit inventory data to other Mm?n
`inance, En ineering, and Operations.
`FCircuit (girder Record COR. Report generatedby the COR Tracking System .
`in NOBIS, indicating circuit installations, changes, anddisconnects.
`“it
`Circuit Prov sioning The telephone operating company process that sum
`or anizes to get you a trunk or other special servrce crrcurt.
`_
`Y
`Cilrcuit Segre ation Differentiating between services that are maintained
`arate technicians or epartments. Can be accomplished through visual and/ormedianicd
`means.
`, ,
`Circuit Switched Digital‘CapabrlIty (SOC. A service implementedb,
`some regional Bell Operating Companies that offers users a 56 Kbps digital mam“
`userswitchable basis.
`Circuit Switching Imagine making a phone call to Grandma. You pidr latte
`phone and dial Grandma. When you finish dialing, the various telephone company mid,
`es along the way pick a path for your call and move your call along its way to Brandon
`When Grandma answers, you and she are now able to speak. Both of you now bare he
`exclusive and full use of the circuit that was set up between you. You have rhatdraritumi
`you (or she) hang up, at which time it goes idle until the system of switdres grahsitfa
`another ”call.” that call might be voice, data and video. Circuit switching has one big
`advantage: You get the full circuit for the full amount of the time you're using it. And for
`the most part, it’s full duplex. Circuit switching has one big disadvantage. Becauseyou get
`the hill circuit for the full amount of the time, you pay for the privilege of tying up thatar
`cuit (no one else can use it, even when there are pauses in your conversation). I'lhidr
`means it’s expensive.
`There are basically three types of switching — circuit, packet and message:
`Circuit Switching, which I iust explained, is like having your own railroad track for yourcon
`versation to travel on. It’s yours for as long as you keep the connection open. No one else
`can use it. Once you hang up, the next caller gets to use that track Wnually all voice tele
`phone calls are circuit switched, though that won’t be true in the future. All rholup modem
`calls are circuit switched also.
`Packet Switching is like having your own railroad cars which you’re sharing with other all
`road cars on a railroad track. You slice the information on want to send so it fits into
`cars, which ioin other cars to travel on the railroad trac
`to the other end. You get WE
`well as many railroad cars as you need. They will travel on cfifferent railroad and“ U"
`they reach the station at the other end, where they’ll be assembled in the order YOU for
`them and then dropped off at your destination. Packet switching was originolIY 09“”
`sending dflifl. Since it’s very efficient (and therefore cheap). One railroad trackgets to$1);
`0 lot of ’conversations.’ In circuit switching,
`it only carries one conversation. _I’
`9'
`switching does have the problem that it takes a little time to break up the data Itch?!“
`satrons
`"“0 many packets, send them on their different ways and then_ meewke
`at the other end. for data, that delay is barely noticeable. It can be noticeable lilO ”ma
`conversation, which is why packet switching hasn't been used much to
`Lecently. ISee IPTelephony.) In packet switching, the addresses onyourPail;[New
`Y the swrtches "5 they approach, and are switched down the tracks. The "e
`c0mm
`readto Throw the switches to send that acket where it needs to 90- "'9 data
`tron rs sent In packets. Each packet can he sent alon different tracks 05_
`me packets are assembled atthe other end — typically in the lastswdt "‘9“
`Me packets [each the distant computer or distant user.
`,, We,“
`, 955098 Swrtchrng sends a message from one end to the other. But It 5 "0 .'
`a «and
`In pocket or circuit switching. Of course, you can reply. But it’s not like
`awngoledmont
`satron.
`I" "la-$5099 SWitChing, the message is typically received in one block, sti
`.
`-
`Icfintral place, then retrieved or sent in one clamp to the other end. Mesoaélép Message
`' 9 the POST Office. or like email. It can be slow. But it can alsorchind to get its me?
`Switching can use a comb.
`_
`.
`.
`_
`.
`ket SM
`5099 thr0ugh.
`Ination of crrcurt swrtchrng and pac
`I W
`Circuit, Four Wire A ath llf‘flfiifhifddr‘hideQaidilQWa '0 the Winn e
`|PR2C§19—00416(US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`
`/
`
`Page 5 of 5
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`Circuit / Circuit, Four Wire
`
`I
`
`will et to the destination site. You can
`‘
`I
`g Burst Size) are subyect to being
`SIZe), and wrth reasonable assurance that the data
`burst above the Bc although all bits in the Be (Excess
`.
`fl
`.
`th y
`-
`’
`.
`~
`-
`-
`oorrn the event
`a
`marked DE (Discard Eligible). The DE bits wrnd up on the swtlcthrdlsodrrld routers overflow. You
`'
`rs ‘n the netwo
`swi
`the network IS congested and the buffe
`r
`so bits in those homes may wm
`also can transmit above the total of the Bc+Be, but tho
`'
`'
`.
`also Committed Burst Size, Discard
`up on the swrtchroom floor at the ingress PM See
`ful Discard, Measurement
`Eligible, Excess Burst Size, FRAD, Frame Relay, FRND, Grace
`Interval, Offered load, Permanent Virtual Circuit, and Router.
`'
`.
`2. An ATM term. Committed Information Range: CIR is the infonnatron transfer rate \lvhrch
`a network offering frame relay services (FRS) is commrtted to transfer under nonna carr-
`ditions. The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time.
`.
`Circuit The physical connection (or path) of channels, conductors and equrpment
`between Mo given points through which an electric cunent may be established. Includes
`both sending and receiving capabilities. A circuit can also be a network of arcurt elements,
`such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, semiconductors, etc., that performs a specrfrc func-
`tion. A circuit can also be a closed path through which cunent can flow.
`_
`.
`Circuit Board Same as a Printed Circuit Board, namely a board wrth microproces-
`sors, transistors and other small electronics components. Such a board slides into a slot In
`a telephone system or personal computer. Alsocalled a circuit card.
`Circuit Breaker A special type of switch ananged to open a circuit when over-
`loaded, without iniury to itself. A circuit breaker is basically a reusable fuse. According to
`APC, a circuit breaker is a protective device that intenupts the flow of cunent when the cur-
`rent exceeds a specified value. Grcuit breakers are calibmted when manufactured to a spe
`c‘rfic overcunent value. Building or equipment wiring may overheat and become a fire haz-
`ard if excessive current is passed through such wiring. Circuit breakers or fuses are installed
`and coordinated with wiring by selecting the appropriate trip value so that if equipment
`malfunction or user error causes too much cunent to flow through a wire, the circuit break-
`er will trip to prevent the wire from overheating. for building wiring and power distribution,
`the values of circuit panel breakers are specified in America by the National Electrical Code.
`Circuit Card Same as a Circuit Board. See Circuit Board.
`Circuit Conditioning Modification of (most typically) analog data circuits to
`bring transmission parameters of the channel into nanower limits than provided by ran-
`domlyselected voice channels. Conditioning is also used to a lesser extent in certain other
`services. See load Coil.
`Circuit Emulation A connection over a virtual channelbased network providing
`service to the end user that is indistinguishable from a real, point-topoint, fixed bandwidth
`circuit.
`Circuit Emulation Switching CES. Pan of the ATM Forum’s proposed Service
`Aspects and Applications (5AA) standard.
`Circuit End The local channel termination needed to connect the customer’s locafion
`to the carrier’s POP.
`Circuit Grooming The practice of directing selected circuitswitched 0505 (64
`kbrt/s channels) from many T-I trunks into a single T-I (typical application is voice leased
`lines from a H access line being ’groomed’ in a DACS onto a dozen or more T-Is going
`to other central offices where those channels may again be groomed with other circuits
`onto T-I access lines at those sites). Also used to se arate voice circuits from data circuits
`
`'
`rend for comllgning them for delivery traservicespeci 'c switches in the C0.
`ircuit
`enti ication Co e CIC. The
`art ofaCCS/SST signaling messa
`98
`used to identify the circuit that is bein established between tw '
`‘
`'
`in the rsonuei.
`I
`9
`°”mm mm" "4 b'“
`Circuit love Gateway A circuit level gateway ensures that a ho t
`'
`an untrusted hosthave no direct contact. A circuit level gateway accepts a fiddlillfllg
`requests for specrhc servrces and, after verifying the legitimacy of a requested session
`establishes a connection With an untrusted host. After the connection is established a ct:
`curtlevel gateway copies packets back and forthwithout further filtering them
`'
`r
`firm" level Proxy A firewall technolo y that involves examining'transmitt d
`dataiffiar flinch” types a; rmproplergr tshreatening be aviour withouttaking into accountthe
`SZZCSOSCICS. 9::pr on rnvove , OCKS rsacommon example ofa circuitlevel proxy,
`Circuit Mo e I. An AT&T term for the method of commun’
`'
`‘
`‘
`fi
`.
`.
`..
`.
`.
`,
`tronsrnwhrch
`d
`bandwrdth crrcurt rs established from pornt to ornt thro
`rca
`a xe
`tion of a telephone call.
`p
`ugh a neIWork and held for the dura
`2. An AIN term fora type of switching that causes a onetoone correspondence between
`
`156
`
`Ingenico v. IOENGINE
`IPR2019-00416 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2103
`Page 5 of 5
`
`