`Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No.
`1
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`LUKE TIMMERMAN
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`E~
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`April 16th, 2012
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`Follow @xconomy
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`National
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`Sometimes the biggest success stories in business never make it to the
`magazine covers. There’s no single Eureka moment, no surprise turning
`point, no redemption, no swashbuckling CEO delivering the goods. There’s
`just a team pursuing genius like Edison once said: through 1 percent
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`10/14/2015
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`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 1
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`inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.
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`Dull as it may sound, there is something remarkable in the
`Reuters report this week that Abbott Laboratories’ adalimumab (Humira),
`is on track to replace Pfizer’s atorvastatin (Lipitor) as the world’s topselling
`pharmaceutical in 2012. You can easily read that sentence and conclude it’s
`just another sign that Big Pharma companies like Pfizer (NYSE: PFE) have
`failed to come up with innovative new drugs to replace their aging
`blockbusters that are losing patents.
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`There’s hard truth in that statement, but to dwell on that is to miss the big
`picture. It obscures the fact that Abbott (NYSE: ABT) has achieved
`something important by turning a biotech drug into the world’s bestselling
`pharmaceutical, with an estimated $9.3 billion in sales this year. This is no
`small thing, given that these products, made through genesplicing
`techniques and manufactured inside living cells, are not as cheap and
`straightforward to massproduce as chemically synthesized pills like Lipitor.
`Many of these biotech drugs have been able to hit precise biological targets
`in ways that conventional pills can’t, opening up new avenues for treating
`disease.
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`“It’s a bit of the changing of the guard that you’re seeing,” says Doug
`Williams, the executive vice president of R&D at Weston, MAbased Biogen
`Idec. “It’s brought about partly by the patent expirations of the drugs of the
`past. But there’s no question, biotech has established itself, and protein
`therapies are incredibly important additions to patient care. There’s no
`turning back.”
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`Humira, a drug for autoimmune diseases, will never be taken by millions of
`people like Lipitor, and it will never be a household name brand. It is
`expensive, but it provides a lot of bang for the buck, by helping very sick
`people feel healthy again and go back to their regular lives.
`
`The story of this drug and the others in its class is one for the medical
`history books. But from a business perspective, it’s also fascinating that
`Abbott was able to climb its way to the top—not by blazing a completely new
`trail, but by doing methodical, consistent, disciplined work in maximizing a
`drug that could have languished as a thirdinclass product.
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`10/14/2015
`
`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 2
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`Humira easily could have ended up being the third wheel of rheumatoid
`arthritis therapy. The drug was first approved by the FDA on Dec. 31, 2002,
`a little more than four years after the trailblazing drugs in its class hit the
`market. Those products, Johnson & Johnson’s infliximab (Remicade) and
`Amgen’s etanercept (Enbrel), were the firstgeneration drugs that showed
`scientists you could make a profound difference for rheumatoid arthritis
`patients if you could make targeted therapies that zeroed in on a marker
`called TNFalpha. By doing that, you could soak up excess inflammatory
`molecules that were hammering the joints of patients.
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`They worked wonders for alleviating pain, swelling, and joint damage.
`Patients rhapsodized about these products in firstgeneration online chat
`rooms in the dotcom bubble era, stoking all kinds of demand.
`
`While those drugs opened scientific eyes throughout their R&D journey in
`the 1990s, and started generating hundreds of millions in sales from virtually
`the moment they were introduced in 1998, some scientists in Boston and
`Cambridge, U.K. thought they could still innovate.
`
`Bob Kamen, an entrepreneurin
`residence at Third Rock Ventures
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`Bob Kamen, now an executiveinresidence at Third Rock Ventures in
`Boston, recalls how the project then known as “D2E7″ was born through a
`collaboration between the BASF Bioresearch Center he led in
`Massachusetts, and a group at Cambridge Antibody Technologies in the
`U.K. The scientific idea was to see if they could develop an antibody drug
`candidate against the TNF target that was “fully human”—that is, didn’t use
`mouse DNA. By using only human DNA in the drug, it was supposed to help
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`10/14/2015
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`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 3
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`the treatment circumvent immunesystem surveillance, and therefore avoid
`triggering immunesystem reactions that might cause additional side effects.
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`There was one other key design feature, which many scientists didn’t fully
`appreciate at the time, but turned out to be a crucial advantage. The J&J
`drug had to be taken via an intravenous infusion, which meant regular trips
`to the doctor. The Amgen drug had to be taken via selfadministered
`injections under the skin twice a week. The BASF/Cambridge Antibody drug,
`by contrast, was designed to last longer in the bloodstream. Patients could
`inject themselves just under the skin, as little as once every two weeks.
`
`As the clinical trial data mounted in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the
`product profile became clear. This was an antiTNF drug that had a
`comparable safety and effectiveness record to its peers, and its advantage
`would be in convenience. Abbott agreed to pay $6.9 billion in December
`2000 to acquire the BASF Bioresearch Center in Massachusetts, obtaining
`D2E7, and the beginnings of a massive biotech drug manufacturing center in
`Massachusetts. Abbott CEO Miles White, in announcing the deal, called
`D2E7 “a highpotential product.”
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`Abbott hit the ground running almost immediately with the product, named
`Humira, in the beginning of 2003. The price was set almost identically to the
`Amgen drug’s—about $1,100 a month wholesale at the time. Abbott had the
`good fortune to introduce its rival just at the moment when Amgen was
`working to boost manufacturing capacity for its drug and repair the damage
`done by product shortages that upset many doctors and patients.
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`And, just like Amgen and J&J, Abbott laid out a bold clinical development
`plan that said rheumatoid arthritis was just the beginning. Year after year,
`Abbott moved down the list, with Humira clinical trials that earned a string of
`FDA approvals for treating patients with related conditions like psoriatic
`arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and juvenile
`idiopathic arthritis. Kamen, the former head of the BASF center, looks back
`with great pride on what Abbott did to make the most of the product. “It just
`might be the most valuable product ever manufactured in Massachusetts,”
`he says.
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`Despite that string of success, Abbott hasn’t been able to completely corner
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`10/14/2015
`
`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 4
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`the market for TNFblocking drugs. The rival J&J and Amgen products are
`multibilliondollar blockbusters in their own right—on pace to be No. 2 and
`No. 3 on the worldwide sales chart, just behind Humira, according to
`Reuters. And Abbott’s reign at the top, like most anything else in life, won’t
`last forever. Abbott loses its key patent on the composition of matter for
`Humira in 2016, meaning it could face competition from cheaper “biosimilar”
`knockoffs. Plus, there’s competition on the way from Pfizer and others
`looking to develop the first oral pills for rheumatoid arthritis that can stand on
`par with injectable TNFblocking drugs.
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`Most of the glory in innovation goes to those who get there first, proving big
`new concepts. In the biotech industry, Genentech rightly gets a lot of credit
`for groundbreaking work that showed you could fight cancer by choking off
`the blood supply to tumors (Avastin) and by creating the pioneering
`personalized medicine for breast cancer (Herceptin).
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`Those products have long inspired admiration in the biotech community, but
`innovation comes in many flavors, and Abbott has clearly earned a lot of
`respect from industry insiders for its accomplishment with Humira. Here’s
`what a few had to say Friday afternoon about lessons they took from the
`Humira story:
`
`Doug Williams, who competed against Abbott as a senior executive at
`Immunex and Amgen: “From a patient convenience perspective, they hit
`the sweet spot. It was in a hot class, they were as effective as the
`competition, and they had what was a dosing advantage in the eyes of
`patients. They had the discipline to pursue it in a very systematic way.
`They have done a really good job.”
`
`Abbie Celniker, the CEO of Cambridge, MAbased Eleven
`Biotherapeutics, which is seeking to develop targeted antibody drugs
`with improved properties: “The lesson is very important. They were
`listening to the market. Humira is easier for patients to use. While there
`may not have been a significant safety or efficacy advantage, over time
`it was recognized by patients as easier to use based on how it was
`delivered. That does make a difference. With a chronic disease, and
`when you’re on a drug for the rest of your life, it is different and has
`value.”
`
`10/14/2015
`
`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
`
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 5
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`Clay Siegall, CEO of Seattle Genetics, a company developing targeted
`drugs for cancer: “It’s hard not to notice how well Abbott has executed.
`They have executed extremely well on their clinical development,
`distribution, manufacturing, marketing—you name it. All the pieces of the
`company have executed extremely well. It’s obvious. Firstinclass
`doesn’t always win the day.”
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`We in the media—myself included—often gravitate to what’s first, what’s hot,
`and what we perceive as new. We often shrug off a “thirdinclass” product
`as essentially old news. But the real story here, which unfolded over a
`period of years, is that Abbott has done a pretty amazing job of treating
`patients with a debilitating disease and being handsomely rewarded for it.
`And even more importantly, the longterm trend says that biotech drugs are
`ascendant, holding an estimated eight of the top 10 spots on the worldwide
`pharmaceutical sales list for 2014, according to Thomson Reuters.
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`Siegall, who has spent his career developing targeted antibody drugs, says
`he takes a certain amount of pride from a distance in seeing a biotech drug
`at the top of the heap.
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`“I do take pride in that, that biotech and biologics have made a positive
`impact on patients’ lives,” Siegall says. “I take more pride in that than I do
`with the business aspects that come with being No. 1 or No. 2 or No. 3. It’s
`hard to make it to No. 1, and it’s even harder to stay there. But biotech has
`really helped people, and I love to see it keep helping more people.”
`
`10/14/2015
`
`Abbott's Humira, the 3rdinClass Drug That Toppled Lipitor as No. 1 | Xconomy
`
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`Ex. 1031 - Page 6
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