Purdue University
`Purdue e-Pubs
`International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
`Conference
`
`School of Mechanical Engineering
`
`1994
`
`Critical Solution Temperatures for Ten Different
`Non-CFC Refrigerants with Fourteen Different
`Lubricants
`S. C. Zoz
`Iowa State University
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`M. B. Pate
`Iowa State University
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`Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc
`
`Zoz S. C. and Pate M. B. "Cr t cal Solut on Temperatures for Ten D fferent Non CFC Refr gerants w th Fourteen D fferent
`Lubr cants" (1994). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 285.
`http://docs.l b.purdue.edu/ racc/285
`
`Th s docu e as bee ade ava ab e
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` a d o CD-ROM d ec y o e Ray W. He
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`ck Labo a o es a ttps://e g ee
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`g.pu due.edu/
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`Page 1 of 7
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`Arkema Exhibit 1122
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`CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES FoR TEN DIFFERENT NON-CFC REFRIGERANTS
`WITH FOURTEEN DIFFERENT LUBRICANTS
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`Steven C. Zoz and Michael B. Pate
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`Iowa State University
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`ABSTRACT
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`Miscibility data are needed to determine the suitability of refrigerant/lubricant combinations for use in refrigeration
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`systems. A new method for obtaining refrigerant/lubricant miscibility data has been developed, and miscibility data have
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`been obtained for a variety of non-CFC refrigerants and their potential lubricants. The refrigerants include R-22, R-32,
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`R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134, R-134a, R-142b, R-143a, and R-152a. The lubricants consist of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes,
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`polyglycols, and polyol esters with varying viscosities. The miscibility tests were performed in a test facility consisting of
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`a series of miniature test cells submerged in a constant temperature bath. The bath temperature can be precisely controlled
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`over a temperature range of -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to l94°F). The test cells are constructed to allow for complete visibility
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`of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures under all test conditions. Critical solution temperatures obtained from the miscibility data
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`are presented for each refrigerant/lubricant combination. Each of the refrigerants tested is miscible over the entire test
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`temperature range with at least one of the lubricants, with the exception of R-143a which exhibits immiscibility over the
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`entire test temperature range with each of the lubricants.
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`INTRODUCTION
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`The development of acceptable alternative refrigerants requires the identification of compatible lubricants so that
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`refiigeration systems will operate properly. The first requirement of a compatible lubricant is that it be miscible with the
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`refrigerant over the operating temperatures of the system. Refrigeration systems require a miscible refrigerant/lubricant
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`mixture for compressor lubrication, for maximum heat transfer performance in the evaporator, and for proper lubricant return
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`to the compressor. Therefore, miscibility data for a wide variety of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures were taken in this study.
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`To obtain miscibility data, one must visually observe and record the physical conditions of a refrigerant/lubricant
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`mixture at a specific temperature. The procedure is repeated for desired ranges of temperatures and refrigerant
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`concentrations. Visual inspection of the mixture allows for determination of whether the mixture showed signs of
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`cloudiness, floc or precipitate formation, and the fonnation of a second liquid phase.
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`Scope
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`Miscibility tests were performed on refrigerant/lubricant mixtures for refrigerant concentrations of 10, 20, 35, 50, 65,
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`80, 90, and 95% by weight. These tests were performed by keeping the refrigerant/lubricant Inixture visible at all times, by
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`controlling temperatures to :l:l°C (:|:1.8°F), and by providing agitation of the test cells.
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`Each refrigerant/lubricant combination was tested for miscibility in 10°C 08°F) increments over the test temperature
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`ranges. The test temperature range for R-22, R—32, R-123, R-125, R-134, and R-143a was -50 to +60°C (-58 to +140°F).
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`The test temperature range for R-124, R-134a, R-142b and R-152a was -50 to +90°C (-58 to +194°F). Each of the above
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`refrigerants was tested for miscibility with the lubricants listed in Table 1.
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`REFRIGERANTILUBRICANT TEST FACILITY
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`The test facility includes test cells capable of withstanding the high pressures and the extreme temperatures
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`encountered in the study of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. The facility was designed for the purpose of determining the
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`miscibility characteristics of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures over the temperature range of -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to l94°F)
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`and for pressures up to 3.5 MPa (500 psia). The test cells have glass viewpoits and are submerged in one of two constant
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`temperature baths so that the miscibility characteristics of the mixture can be observed and recorded. The test facility is
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`described in detail in a previous publication (Zoz, 1994).
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`The precise temperature of each bath fluid was measured by a platinum RTD that is connected to a signal
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`conditioner/current transmitter. The RTD's have an accuracy of :0. 1°C (:0. 18°F). Since the miscibility characteristics of
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`Page 2 of 7
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`431
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`Page 2 of 7
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`each cell were noted at 10°C (18°F) intervals in this study, the uncertainty in the actual temperature where a change in the
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`miscibility characteristics occurred is :I:5°C (:l:9°F). Due to the magnitude of this latter uncertainty, the uncertainty in the
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`temperature measurements is insignificant.
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`Miscibility Characteristics
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`When a refrigerant/lubricant mixture is miscible, it appears as one homogeneous transparent solution. However, when
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`a refrigerant/lubricant mixture is immiscible, there is either cloudiness, evidence of particles dispersed throughout the
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`mixture, or there are two liquid phases present in the cell. Throughout all testing, visual inspections were made for these
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`signs of immiscibility. The presence of two liquid phases was the most common form of immiscibility encountered in this
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`study, while cloudiness was the next most commonly observed immiscibility. Particles were seldom seen in this study.
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`Refrigerant Concentration
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`The refrigerant concentration of each test cell was calculated from the total masses of refrigerant and lubricant charged
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`into the cell. The uncertainty in the concentration measurements depends upon the concentration that is being considered,
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`but the maximum uncertainty in concentration is $0.001 (0.1%). The uncertainty was calculated by using a propagation-
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`of-error method discussed by Beckwith, Buck, and Marangoni (1982).
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`It is important to note that the concentration in the test cell changed as the temperature of the cell was varied. This
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`occurred because a vapor space was required above the liquid mixture so that the thermal expansion of the liquid mixture
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`did not cause cell failure due to extremely high pressures internal to the cell. Due to the large uncertainty in the
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`temperature at which a change in the miscibility characteristics occurred (i.e. i5°C), small changes in the refrigerant
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`concentration with temperature can be disregarded.
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`Critical Solution Temperatures
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`The critical solution temperature, as defined in the ASHRAE Refrigeration Handbook (1990), is the temperature above
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`which a refrigerant/lubricant combination is miscible for all refrigerant concentrations. Since some of the new
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`refrigerant/lubricant combinations have regions of immiscibility that occur with increasing temperature, an additional
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`definition must be used. The lower critical solution temperatures presented herein are based on the ASHRAE definition,
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`while the upper critical solution temperature is defined as the temperature below which a refrigerant/lubricant combination
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`is miscible for all refrigerant concentrations.
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`Some refrigerant/lubricant combinations were found to be immiscible over the entire test temperature range for certain
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`concentrations. Other refrigerant/lubricant combinations never became immiscible (i.e. they were always miscible) regardless
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`of the test temperature and concentration. For these cases, a critical solution temperature is not defined. Therefore, when
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`presenting critical solution temperatures, these cases will be identified as immiscible (I) and miscible (M), respectively.
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`REFRIGERANT AND LUBRICANT SOLUTION RESULTS
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`This section presents results of miscibility measurements for each of four HCFC and six HFC refrigerants with
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`fourteen lubricants. The data is presented in tables showing critical solution temperatures. A complete list of the raw
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`experimental data is tabulated in a final report (Zoz and Pate, 1993). Each lubricant is commercially available and their
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`trade names are also given in the final report. Additionally, properties of the fourteen lubricants are provided herein.
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`Results of the measurements of four HCFCs (R-22, R-123, R-124, and R-142b) and six Hl-‘Cs (R-32, R-125, R-134,
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`R-134a, R-143a and R-152a) in each lubricant are presented below. For every refrigerant/lubricant combination
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`investigated, the data set consists of the concentration, temperature, and visual characteristics of the contents of the cell.
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`Temperature-concentration plots showing regions of immiscibility were constructed from these data, and critical solution
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`temperatures were then identified from the plots. Table 2 provides a summary of the critical solution temperatures for each
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`lubricant and HCFC refrigerant pair. Table 3 provides a summary of the critical solution temperatures for each lubricant
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`and HFC refrigerant pair.
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`Lubricant Characteristics
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`Each lubricant is designated by its chemical type (base fluid) and viscosity. The viscosity presented is a nominal value
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`as designated by ASTM standard D2422-86 (ASTM 1988). Table 1 provides densities and actual viscosities at various
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`temperatures along witlt the flash points and pour points for each of the fourteen lubricants. The moisture, iron, and
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`copper content of each lubricant along with the acid number are provided in the final report (Zoz and Pate, 1993). As
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`mentioned previously, the results presented below are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.
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`R-22 Miscibility Data
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`The ISO 32 naphthenic mineral oil, the ISO 68 naphthenic mineral oil, and the ISO 32 modified polyglycol, have
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`lower critical solution temperatures of -10°C, 10°C, and -20°C, respectively. R-22 was found to be completely miscible
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`over the temperature range -50°C to 60°C (-58°F to 140°F) with the alkylbenzene (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol butyl
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`monoether (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester rnixed-acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester
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`mixed-acid (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 32), alkylbenzene (ISO 68), polypropylene glycol butyl
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`monoether (ISO 58), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 100), and pentaerythritol
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`ester branched-acid (ISO 100) lubricants.
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`R-123 Miscibility Data
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`The naphthenic mineral oil (ISO 68) has a lower critical solution temperature of -40°C, and the polypropylene glycol
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`butyl monoether (ISO 58) has an upper critical solution temperature of 20°C. R-123 was found to be completely miscible
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`over the temperature range -50°C to 60°C (-58°F to 140°F) with the naphthenic mineral oil (ISO 32), alkylbenzene (ISO
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`32), polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), modified polyglycol (ISO 32),
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`pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester branched-acid
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`(ISO 32), alkylbenzene (ISO 68), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 100), and
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`pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 100) lubricants.
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`R-124 Miscibility Data
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`The lower critical solution temperatures for the naphthenic mineral oils (ISO 32 and 68) and the modified polyglycol (ISO 32)
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`are 20°C, 50°C, and —l0°C, respectively. R-124 was found to be completely miscible over the temperature range -50°C to 90°C
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`(-58°F to l94°F) with the all-cylbenzene (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol -butyl monoether (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO
`
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`
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`
`
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`32), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester rnixed-acid (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO
`
`
`
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`
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`
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`32), alkylbenzene (ISO 68), polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 58), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ester mixed-acid (ISO 100), and pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 100) lubricants.
`
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`
`
`R-142b Miseibility Data
`
`
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`The lower critical solution temperatures for the naphthenic mineral oils (ISO 32 and 68) and the modified polyglycol
`
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`(ISO 32) are -40°C, -40°C, and -30°C, respectively. R-142b was found to be completely miscible over the temperature
`
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`range -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to l94°F) with the alkylbenzene (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32),
`
`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32),
`
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`pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 32), allcylbenzene (ISO 68), polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 58),
`
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`
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`
`
`polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 100), and pentaerythritol ester branched-acid
`
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`
`
`(ISO 100) lubricants.
`'
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`
`R-32 Miscibility Data
`
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`The modified polyglycol (ISO 32) has a lower critical solution temperature of 10°C and an upper critical solution temperature
`
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`of 60°C. The pentaerythritol ester mixed acid (ISO 22) has a lower critical solution temperature of0°C and an upper critical
`
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`solution temperature of 50°C. The pentaerythritol ester mixed acid (ISO 32) and the pentaerythritol ester branched acid (ISO 32)
`
`
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`each have a lower critical solution temperature of -20°C. R-32 was found to be completely rriiscible over the temperature range -
`
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`
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`50°C to 60°C (-58°F to 140°F) with the polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32) lubricant.
`
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`R-125 Miscibility Data
`
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`The modified polyglycol (ISO 32) has a lower critical solution temperature of 0°C and an upper critical solution
`
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`temperature of 30°C. The polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32), the poly-propylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO
`
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`
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`
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`58), the polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), the pentaerythritol ester mixed acid (ISO 100), and the pentaerythritol ester
`
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`branch acid (ISO 100) have upper critical solution temperatures of 50°C, 40°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 50°C, respectively. R-125
`
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`was found to be completely miscible over the temperature range -50°C to 60°C with the polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32),
`
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`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32), and pentaerythritol ester branched-
`
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`
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`
`
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`acid (ISO 32) lubricants.
`
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`
`Page 4 of 7
`
`433
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`Page 4 of 7
`
`

`
`
`
`
`Table 1 Test Lubricant Properties
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`0
`
`O
`
`0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`D
`
`
`
`‘P
`
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`0.9983
`
`
`
`0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`.
`
`V’
`
`19.9
`
`9.7 40°C
`
`1.007
`
`32.0
`
`40°C
`
`0.93
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`O
`
`'
`
`
`pentaelythntol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22)
`4 3 @l00.,C
`15.,C@
`40°C
`
`polypropylene glycol dlol (ISO 32)
`:49 100°C
`25°C@
`
`pentaerythntol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32)
`5_7@@100°C
`20°?
`
`polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32)
`
`
`
`
`
`Not
`
`Available
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`Not
`
`
`
`
`
`33.0@37.8°C
`
`
`28.0 40°C
`
`32.0@40°C
`
`4.1 i 100°C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Not
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Not
`
`Available
`
`
`
`
`
`0.9l0@
`
`
`0.872
`
`Not
`
`,,
`
`0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`D
`
`Not
`
`'“°d‘fi"“ P°‘Y3‘Y°°' (150 37')
`
`
`
`
`pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 32)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`37.8°C
`
`°
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`62.5
`
`
`
`
`Available
`
`015.69%
`
`
`
`0.916
`
`.99
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`57.0
`
`is @100,,C
`flsffofg
`
`
`40°C
`
`
`
`
`
`0.871
`
`116%
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`O
`
`O
`
`,,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Available
`
`
`
`G,
`
`
`
`,,
`
`O
`
`155 C
`255°C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`alkylbenzene (ISO 63)
`polypropylene glycol butyl monoetller (ISO 53)
`polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100)
`pentaerythritol ester mixed—acid (ISO 100)
`pentaelythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 100)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`llloffggfc
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`
`11'§’f,)?,((-$9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Table 2 Critical Solution Temperatures For Fourteen Lubricants With Four HCFC Refrigerants
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`OWER./UPPER
`CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES
`
`
`iifflfljiimf
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-50°C to 60°C -50°C to 60°C -50°C to 90°C -50°C to 90°C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nahthenic mineral oil (ISO 32)
`-10°C/None
`20°C/None
`-40°C/None
`
`
`
`
`lbenzene ISO 32
`al
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ZE
`
`
`
`
`olro lerie I C01 bu lmonoethe-r(IS032)—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ol,-. lene 1 col diol (ISO 32)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`modified ol 1 col (ISO 32
`—40°C/None
`
`_
`
`
`M
`I M
`
`
`
`
`
`ntae hritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22 --
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`—
`
`'tol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32)
`M
`ntae
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`40°C/None
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
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`
`
`
`
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`
`
`npl lene 1 col bu lmonoetller ISO58)
`
`
`
`
`
`"1" lane 1 col diol (Iso 100)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Page 5 of 7
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`Page 5 of 7
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`

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`
`
`Table 3 Critical Solution Temperatures For Fourteen Lubricants With Six HFC Refrigerants
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`naphthenic mineral oil
`
`
`ISO 32
`
`
`
`
`
`””‘Y‘”°“Z°"°“S°”> 11m soocmone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`£3"fL‘i£iLi‘l:fJ’f§lm
`Z
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`OWER/UPPER
`CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`E1C§!.EZEE£Z—E!E!1—Efl—§IE—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-50°C to
`-50°C to
`-50°C to
`-50°C to
`-50°C to
`-50°C to
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`I
`R-134 Miscibility Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32) and the modified polyglycol (ISO 32) have a lower critical solution
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`temperatures of -20°C and 0°C, respectively. R-134 was found to be completely miscible over the temperature range -50°C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to 60°C (-58°F to 140°F) with the polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 22),
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol butyl
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`monoether (ISO 58), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 100), and pentaerythritol
`
`
`
`
`
`ester branched-acid (ISO 100) lubricants.
`
`.
`
`
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`
`R-134a Miscibility Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 58), polypropylene
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`glycol diol (ISO 100), pentaerythritol ester branched acid (ISO 100) lubricants have upper critical solution temperatures of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`60°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 60°C, respectively. The modified polyglycol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester mixed acid (ISO 22),
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and pentaerythritol ester mixed acid (ISO 100) lubricants have lower critical solution temperatures of 0°C, -50°C, and -
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10°C, respectively. R-134a was found to be completely miscible over the temperature range -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`l94°F) with the polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32), and pentaerythritol ester
`
`
`
`
`branched-acid (ISO 32) lubricants.
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 6 of 7
`
`435
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`mixed_acid (ISO 22
`
`
`
`
`
`mixed-acid (ISO 32)
`
`
`
`
`
`branched-acid (ISO 32)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`0 C/50 C
`
`
`
`
`
`20 C’N°“‘’
`
`
`
`20 C’N°“°
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`50 C/None
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M
`
`M
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(ISO 68)
`*'”W‘°~’-“Z°"°“S°6“> ——Z— soocmone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`bu lmonoether “SO58
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I
`
`None/
`
`C
`
`one!
`
`C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`‘°°““‘°"““"‘°‘ 1 Z
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`mixed-acid ISO 100
`None]
`C
`one
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`branched-acid (ISO 100)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`M
`
`
`
`
`
`C
`
`None/
`
`
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`Page 6 of 7
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`

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`R-143a Miscibility Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`R-143a was found to be partially miscible over the temperature range -50°C to 60°C (—58°F to 140°F) with all of the
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`lubricants. For each lubricant and R-143a pair, at least one concentration remained immiscible over the entire test
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`temperature range. Therefore, in this case, critical solution temperatures are not presented.
`
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`
`
`
`
`R-152a Miscibility Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The alkylbenzene lubricants (ISO 32 and 68) each have a lower critical solution temperature of 50°C. The
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`polypropylene glycol butyl monoether (ISO 58), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 100), and pentaerythritol ester branched
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`acid (ISO 100) lubricants have upper critical solution temperatures of 80°C, 70°C, and 90°C, respectively. R-152a was
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`found to be completely miscible over the temperature range -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to l94°F) with the polypropylene glycol
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`butyl monoether (ISO 32), polypropylene glycol diol (ISO 32), modified polyglycol (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester mixed-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`acid (ISO 22), pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid (ISO 32), pentaerythritol ester branched-acid (ISO 32), and pentaerythritol
`
`
`
`
`
`ester rnixed-acid (ISO 100) lubricants.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CONCLUSIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Critically nwded miscibility data have been obtained for a variety of refrigerants and lubricants. The test facility incorporates
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`test cells with sight windows that, when valves are screwed into opposing ports, serve as pressure vessels. The cells were charged
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
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`with variable amounts of refrigerant and lubricant to facilitate refrigerant compositions from 0 to 100%. Operating temperatures
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`and pressure ranges for the facility are -50°C to 90°C (-58°F to l94°F), and 0 to 3.5 MP3 (0 to 500 psia), respectively. The facility
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`has been successfully employed to obtain experimental results for R-22, R-32, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134, R-134a, R-142b, R-
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`1432), and R-152a. Each refrigerant was tested with each of fourteen lubricants.
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`Data for the HCFC refrigerants (R-22, R-123, R-124, and R-l42b) and the H1-"C refrigerants (R-32, R-125, R-134, R-
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`l34a, R-143b, and R-152a) in each of the test lubricants have been collected for refrigerant concentrations of 10, 20, 35,
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`50, 65, 80, 90, and 95%. The results are summarized and presented as critical solution temperatures.
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`Each of the refrigerants tested was found to be completely miscible over the entire test temperature range with at least
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`one of the lubricants except R-143a. It is left to the system designer to determine the suitability of a particular
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`refrigerant/lubricant mixture for use in a system. The presentation of critical solution temperatures provides the designer
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`with limits on the applicability of a refrigerant/lubricant mixture for use in a system.
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`ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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`The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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`Technology Institute, Inc., under a Materials Compatibility and Lubricant Research (MCLR) grant from the U.S.
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`Department of Energy.
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`REFERENCES
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`ASHRAE. 1990. ASHRAE Handbook - 1990 Refrigeration, Chapter 8. Atlanta: American Society of Heating,
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`Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
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`ASTM. 1988. ASTM D2422-86, Standard classification of industrial fluid lubricants by viscosity system. Philadelphia:
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`The American Society for Testing and Materials.
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`Beckwith, Thomas G., Nelson Lewis Buck, and Roy D. Marangoni. 1982. Mechanical Measurements. Chapter 9.
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`Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
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`Zoz, S. C. 1994. "An experimental investigation of the miscibility characteristics of alternative refrigerant and lubricant
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`mixtures." Ph.D. diss., Iowa State University.
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`Zoz, S. C., and M. B. Pate. 1993. "Miscibility of lubricants with refrigerants." Final Report, Air-Conditioning and
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`Refrigeration Technology Institute, ARTI MCLR project number 650-50300, report number DOE/CE/23810-6.
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