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`DuPont Refrigerants
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`DuPont™ Opteon® Refrigerant Delivers Low GWP
`
`With more than three billion vehicles projected to be on the road in the near future, it is critical to
`minimize not just their energy use, but also their environmental impact, which is where a next
`generation refrigerant can help. Today there are more than 400 million cars worldwide with air
`conditioning systems. The most common refrigerant in use is hydrofluorocarbon HFC134a, which
`has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430. As the number of vehicles multiplies almost
`eightfold over the next decade or so, that GWP cannot be sustained.
`
`In response, the 2006 EU Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) Directive mandates that all new car types
`have a nextgeneration refrigerant with a GWP of less than 150 as of January 2011. From 2017 on,
`this standard will apply to all new cars.
`
`With a GWP of 4, DuPont™ Opteon® YF (HFO1234yf) refrigerant delivers 97 percent less GWP
`than the new regulation requires, making it the premier next generation refrigerant.
`
`Partnering to Develop an Environmentally Friendly Solution
`
`DuPont scientists teamed with Honeywell scientists to accelerate the development of a next
`generation refrigerant: Opteon® YF (HFO1234YF). Opteon® YF exceeds the EU MAC directive,
`plus delivers an energyefficient, safe and easytoimplement solution.
`
`DuPont and Honeywell introduced HFO1234YF to the automotive industry in 2007, and since then,
`it has undergone extensive testing for safety and efficacy by independent testing groups such as
`the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) International Cooperative Research Program, in which
`leading automakers participate.
`
`The SAE testing found HFO1234YF offers superior environmental performance compared to
`carbon dioxide, an alternative refrigerant, while having the lowest risk for use in meeting consumer
`needs.
`
`How DuPont™ Opteon® YF refrigerant is different from HFC134a
`
`The current leading refrigerant, HFC134a is a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, while Opteon® YF
`(HFO1234yf) is a hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant. HFC refrigerants are composed of hydrogen,
`fluorine and carbon atoms connected by single bonds between the atoms. HFO refrigerants are
`composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon atoms, but contain at least one double bond between
`the carbon atoms.
`
`Opteon® YF does have physical properties similar to HFC134a, offering the ability to be used in
`current HFC134a systems with minimal system modifications.
`
`Close to Zero GWP
`
`Opteon® YF has a GWP of 4 based on a 100year time horizon, and more than meets the EU
`MAC directive regulation of GWP of 150. Not only is it is 97 percent lower than the EU mandate, it
`is also 99.7 percent better than HFC134a, which has a GWP of 1430. Compared to alternative
`refrigerants, it has the most favorable climate footprint over its entire life cycle.
`
`“Near Retrofit” Implementation
`
`CO2 refrigerants, which also meet the EU MAC directive requirement, require a complete and
`costly overhaul of manufacturing technologies in order to be implemented. Opteon® YF may need
`only a few minor modifications to existing air conditioning systems before being installed.
`
`An EnergyEfficient Solution
`
`The major part of a refrigerant’s global warming potential is due to indirect
`CO2 emissions, which are caused by the increased fuel consumption needed to
`power the air conditioning.
`
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`Arkema Exhibit 1101
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`NextGeneration Refrigerant Delivers Low GWP | DuPont Automotive | DuPont USA
`Opteon® YF refrigerant is more efficient at high temperatures than CO2 refrigerants. Tests by the
`Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association showed that air conditioners equipped with
`Opteon® YF produce significantly less CO2 emissions than those running with CO2 refrigerants in
`hot climate zones.
`
`Safe for Drivers and Passengers
`
`Worldwide, independent institutes have assessed Opteon® YF nextgeneration refrigerant in
`numerous longrunning tests and studies. Risk analysis, laboratory tests, and toxicological
`assessments have proven that Opteon® YF refrigerant is safe. The automotive industry itself has
`tested the safety of Opteon® YF refrigerant, finding that even in the case of a crash, Opteon® YF
`did not catch fire or cause any harm.
`
`Bringing It to Market
`
` While DuPont and Honeywell developed HFO1234YF together, they will market and sell it
`separately. Plans are to have an interimsized plant up and running in 2013, with a largescale
`plant slated to open in late 2014 or early 2015.
`
`“The new refrigerant enables the automotive industry to reduce the environmental footprint of
`vehicles at significantly lower cost than alternatives,” said Thierry Vanlancker, President — DuPont
`Chemicals & Fluoroproducts. “DuPont is confident we’ll have the winning combination to enable the
`industry to realize environmental benefits sooner. DuPont’s role in the introduction of HFO1234YF
`is another great example of the innovation DuPont has brought to the automotive industry for
`nearly a century.”
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