Honeywell HFO 1234yf
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`HON EYWELL’S LOW GLOBAL WARMING
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`POTENTIAL REFRIGERANT IS THE COOL CHOICE
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`Cool for all concerned
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`Arkema Exhibit 1091
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`Honeywell
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`

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`HFO-1234yf —
`A Green Solution to a
`Global Challenge
`
`Introduction
`Starting in 2011, automakers must meet the EU’s MAC Directive, which prohibits the
`use of refrigerants with a global warming potential (GWP) higher than 150 in new
`vehicle types.
`
`This Directive created a need for a globally-compliant replacement for R134a
`refrigerant, and it was a challenge that Honeywell worked to solve for several years.
`Honeywell is offering a drop-in or near drop-in solution called HFO-1234yf. Its GWP
`of 4 is 97% lower than the new EU regulation requires and 99.7% lower than R134a.
`
`Mobile air conditioning systems using Honeywell HFO-1234yf are also more energy
`efficient than those using CO2 , particularly at higher ambient temperatures; vehicles
`equipped with HFO-1234yf will use less fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gases than
`the CO2 alternative, which further increases the environmental benefit and reduces
`the carbon footprint.
`
`HFO-1234yf is safe and easily integrated into current systems. As a near drop-in
`replacement, or even a drop-in replacement in certain cases, it requires virtually no
`alterations to current equipment. So it’s easy to adopt and enables automakers to meet
`new regulations.
`
`Cool for the Environment
`HFO-1234yf has an atmospheric lifetime of only 11 days – compared to 13 years for
`R-134a and more than 500 years for carbon dioxide. Unlike HFCs and CFCs, which
`take decades to decompose, HFO-1234yf does not persist in the atmosphere. Quite
`simply, vehicles using highly energy-efficient HFO-1234yf refrigerant will use less fuel
`and produce fewer emissions than many of the existing alternatives.
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`Verified as Safe
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`HFO-1234yf Physical Properties
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`HFO-1234yf has been verified as safe
`
`to use in automobiles through extensive
`
`Component:
`
`third-party testing, including tests
`
`performed by the Society Of Automotive
`Engineers and crash testing conducted
`
`HFO-1 234yf
`
`.
`Chemical name:
`
`Molecular
`formula:
`
`2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-
`DFOD-1-ene
`
`CF3CF=CH2
`
`by automakers. Today, i-lFO-1234yf.is
`the refrigerant of choice in automotive
`
`Molecularweight
`
`air—conditioning.
`
`Boiling point at 101.3 kPa
`
`Highly compatible and Easy
`
`Freezing point at 101.3 kPa
`
`(g/gmol)
`
`(°C)
`
`(°C)
`
`*0 implement
`Because the pressure and performance
`of HFO-1234yf is so similar to 134a
`
`it 03” be Used as 3 ’°P'a°°"‘9“* t°'
`HFC-134a with little or no reengineering
`
`Vapour density at boiling point
`
`(kg/m3)
`
`”q“'°' °'°"5"V
`
`Liquid heat capacity at 25°C
`
`(k9"“3)
`
`(KJ/kg-°K)
`
`of automotive systems. This enables
`
`V3p°”" heat °aPa°'tV at 25°C
`
`(KJ/k9'°K)
`
`a”‘°”‘a"°'S ‘° °°”‘p'V with the “aw EU
`regulations quickly and cost—effectively.
`
`Heat of vaporization at boiling point
`
`(KJ/kg)
`
`Vapour Pressure at 25°C
`
`(kPa)
`
`Liquid thermal conductivity at 25°C
`
`(W/m~°K)
`
`Vapour thermal conductivity at 25°C
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`(\N/m-°K)
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`Liquid viscosity at 25°C
`
`Vapour viscosity at 25°C
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`Solubility of HFO-1234yf in water
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`Solubility of water in HFO-1234yf
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`Ozone Depletion Potential
`(ODP-R1 1 =1)
`
`(uPa-sec)
`
`(uPa-sec)
`
`(wt.%)
`
`(wt.%)
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`1 14
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`-29.55
`
`-150
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`5.98
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`1°92
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`1.411
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`1-066
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`180.1
`
`683
`
`0.067
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`0.016
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`155.4
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`12.3
`
`0.020
`
`0.025
`
`0
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`Pressure/Temperature Table
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`Compatibility with Plastics and Elastomers
`
`The table below provides a summary of materials compatibility data derived from tests
`
`perfonned by Honeywell and other global organizations. Since there are many different
`grades and formulations of these materials, we recommend that compatibility testing be
`performed on the specific grade of materials under consideration when designing new
`
`systems. This data should be used only as a guide to the compatibility of materials with
`
`HFO—1234yf. The rankings in the table should be used with caution since they constitute
`judgments based on limited samplings. Customers are advised to consult with the
`
`manufacturer or conduct further independent testing.
`
`HNBR
`
`Polyester
`
`Nylon
`
`Epoxy
`
`Polylmlde
`
`Neoprene
`
`HNBR
`
`EPDM
`
`Silicone
`
`Butyl Rubber (IIR)
`
`Polyvlnylldene Fluoride and copolymer of
`Vlnylldene Fluoride and Hexafluoropropylene
`
`s
`
`Su
`
`S
`
`S
`
`S
`
`S
`
`S
`
`S
`
`S
`
`Su
`
`U
`
`S: Suitable, Su: Suitable with some exceptions, U: Unsuitable
`
`(kpa)
`
`53-
`
`79
`
`99
`
`151
`
`184
`
`222
`
`266
`
`316
`
`373
`
`438
`
`510
`
`592
`
`683
`
`784
`895
`
`1018
`
`1154
`
`1302
`
`1464
`
`1642
`
`1834
`
`2044
`
`(cc)
`
`'40
`
`_35
`
`'30
`
`'2°
`
`'15
`
`-10
`
`-5
`
`0
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`70
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`Other Refrigeration and
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`Solubility of Water in HFO-1234yf
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`Air-Conditioning Applications
`
`HFO-1234yf has been developed
`
`for a number of applications beyond
`
`automotive air conditioning. These
`
`include supermarket cases, walk-
`
`in coolers, residential refrigerators
`
`and chillers. Generally, there are few
`
`compressor design changes necessary
`
`to optimize the performance of HFO-
`
`1234yf in these applications, so once
`
`again it brings considerable benefit
`
`with easy implementation.
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`Easy Serviceability
`
`The parts and components used in
`
`HFO-1234yf systems are identical or
`similar to those used in HFC-134a
`
`systems — both use flexible hoses to
`
`connect components. These parts
`
`are mass-produced in high volumes
`
`worldwide and widely available at
`
`reasonable prices. This makes
`
`systems repair and assembly easy
`
`and inexpensive.
`
`The solubility of water in HFO-1234yf is shown in the graph below. It is lower than
`that of HFC-134a.
`
`Solubility of water in HFO-1234yf
`
`Solubility, ppm
`3000
`
`2500
`
`L00
`
`2ooo
`
`1500
`
`1000
`
`,
`
`,'
`
`«
`
`»’
`
`. ’
`
`
`
`-20
`
`-10
`
`0
`
`10
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`50
`
`Temperature ( °C)
`
`— HFO-1234yf
`
`-- — - r-rr=c-1342
`
`Lubricants
`
`HFO-1234yf performs well when used with polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and with
`
`polyol ester lubricants. Most automotive original equipment manufacturers have
`
`chosen specific PAG lubricants for their systems. For non-automotive applications,
`
`most compressor manufacturers recommend specific polyol ester lubricants. Users
`
`should check with the equipment manufacturer for the recommended lubricants
`
`for their system.
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`Toxicity
`
`HFO-1234yf has undergone extensive toxicity testing, and has been found to be safe
`
`for use in its intended applications. It is also registered in the EU under REACH in
`
`the +1000 MT tonnage band. Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before
`
`using HFO-1234yf.
`
`Flammability
`
`According to ASHRAE Standard 34, HFO-1234yf is classified in safety group
`
`A2L. This means it is in the lower segment of the mildly flammable refrigerants.
`
`its flammability characteristics are shown in the table below:
`
`LFL (VoI% in Air)
`
`UFL (\Iol% In Air)
`
`6.2
`
`12.3
`
`Minimum Ignition Energy (mJ)
`
`> 5000
`
`Auto Ignition temperature 0
`
`Heat of Combustion (k.J/g)
`
`Burning Velocity (cm/s)
`
`405
`
`9.5
`
`1.5
`
`HFO-1234yf has undergone extensive application-specific flammability tests and risk
`
`assessment by the SAE CRP1234. Based on these results, the sponsors of the SAE
`
`CRP1234 have concluded that it can be used as a global replacement refrigerant in
`
`mobile air conditioning.
`
`Leak Detection
`
`Leak detectors can be used to pinpoint leaks or to monitor an entire room on a
`
`continual basis. Leak detection is important for refrigerant conservation, equipment
`
`protection and performance, reduction of emissions, and protection of those coming
`
`into contact with the system. Customers should check with equipment manufacturers
`
`for appropriate detector equipment.
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`Honeywell's Low Global Warming Potential
`refrigerant is an innovative solution tackling
`the challenge of climate change while
`providing superior performance. The
`business has a wide variety of offerings
`for the refrigeration industry in general.
`For more information and to download
`
`product literature, please go to
`www. honeywellrelrigerantscom.
`
`Storage & Handling — Bulk & Cylinder
`
`HFO-1234yf cylinders must be clearly marked and stored in a cool, dry and properly
`
`ventilated area away from heat, flames, corrosive chemicals, fumes and explosives —
`
`and be othenlvise protected from damage. Under no circumstances should an empty
`
`cylinder be refilled with anything other than virgin product. Once empty, the cylinder
`
`valve should be properly closed and the valve cap replaced. Empty cylinders should
`
`be retumed to a Honeywell distributor.
`
`Cylinders containing HFO-1234yf should be kept out of direct sunlight, especially in
`
`warm weather. Liquid HFO-1234yf expands significantly when heated, reducing the
`
`amount of vapour space left in the cylinder. Once the cylinder becomes liquid-full,
`
`any further rise in temperature can cause it to rupture or explode, potentially resulting
`
`in severe damage and injury. A cylinder should never be allowed to get warmer than
`about 50°C.
`
`Vessels, containers, transfer lines, pumps and other equipment used with HFO-1234yf
`
`should not be exposed to high-temperature sources until they have been thoroughly
`
`cleaned and found free of vapours or liquid. Cylinders should never be exposed to
`
`welding, brazing or open flames. When possible, maintenance or cleaning of equipment
`
`should be performed without entering the vessel. If a tank or any confined space must
`
`be entered, then formal confined space entry procedures must be followed. These
`
`procedures require that a fully qualified work team be used and a confined space entry
`
`form be completed.
`
`
`
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`Pressure
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`
`Reference State: h=200kJ/kg, s=1.00 kJ/kg -K sat. liq at 0°C
`
`Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
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`
`Disclaimer
`The information provided herein is
`believed to be accurate and reliable,
`but is presented without guarantee or
`warranty of any kind, express or implied.
`User assumes all risk and liability for
`use of the information and results obtained.
`Statements or suggestions concerning
`possible use of materials and processes
`are made without representation or
`warranty that any such use is free of
`patent infringement, and are not
`recommendations to infringe any patent.
`The user should not assume that all safety
`measures are indicated herein, or that
`other measures may not be required.
`
`Honeywell Specialty Materials, as a member of
`the American Chemistry Council, has adopted
`Responsible Care® as the foundation of health,
`safety, and environmental (HS&E) excellence in
`our business. Responsible Care is the chemical
`industry’s global voluntary initiative under which
`companies, through their national associations,
`work together to continuously improve their
`health, safety and environmental performance,
`and to communicate with stakeholders about
`their products and processes.
`
`Our commitments:
`+ The safety of our employees
`+ The quality of our products
`+ Being responsible stewards for the protection
`of the environment, the communities in which
`we operate and our customers
`
`Honeywell Fluorine Products
`Europe B.V.
`Laaderhoogtweg 18
`1101 EA Amsterdam
`The Netherlands
`
`Honeywell Belgium N.V.
`Haasrode Research Park
`Grauwmeer 1
`B-3001 Heverlee
`Belgium
`Tel: +32 16-391 278
`Fax: +32 16-391 277
`www.1234facts.com
`
`September 2010
`©2010 Honeywell International Inc.
`
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