Low GWP refrigerant successors for R134a (GWP = 1300)
`
`.. two candidates remain:
`
`HFO-1234yf GWP = 3-6
`
`R744 (CO2)
`
`GWP= 1
`
`high pressure level r
`Benefits: high vol.
`health is completel
`
`a stments
`
`
`
`.. two candidates remain:
`
`HFO-1234yf GWP = 3-6
`
`R744 (CO2)
`
`GWP= 1
`
`high pressure level r
`Benefits: high vol.
`health is completel
`
`a stments
`
`
`
`Refrigeration oil requirements in the cooling circuit
`
`High refrigerant miscibility:
`9 oil transport back to the compressor
`9 heat transfer
`
`Stability —
`C02 transcritical 9 high temperature
`HFO1234yf 9 reactivity
`
`Image: Benn
`
`%
`
`9
`
`Lubricating properties
`Low water content
`
`Material compatibility (elastomers)
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`Different MAC applications — different lubricant types
`
`Bus
`
`° Reciprocating piston compressor
`
`9 Polyol ester (POE, additivated)
`
`excellent CO, miscibility
`
`Passengercar
`
`- Axial piston compressor - open (belt drive)
`
`9 Polylalkylene glycol
`(new PAG, additivated)
`
`compatibility with existing
`R134a oils (under investigation)
`
`- Axial piston compressor - hermetic (hybrid I electric vehicle)
`
`9 Polyol ester
`(POE, additivated)
`
`high electric resistance /
`good insulation properties
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`RENISO ACC 46
`
`9 refrigeration oil for open CO2 compressors for
`passenger car alc systems
`
`completely newly-developed PAG type
`as base fluid
`
`chemically-modified, double-endcapped
`PAG ISO VG 46
`
`additive package for enhanced
`wear protection and ageing & thermal
`stability
`experience from car fleet tests
`patent-protected formulation
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`Miscibility behaviour of PAG I CO2
`
`sezgfasgon
`
`gIIIIIiI
`
`
`3 Temperatur[°C] 8
`aurllllii
`
`-
`
`Miscibility diagram of
`
`-500
`
`6.25 7.5 8.75
`5
`1.25 2.5 3.75
`Konzentralion [M—% (")1 in R744]
`
`10
`
`PAG / CO2 has restricted
`miscibility properties
`
`But;
`RENISO ACC 46 is miscible
`in the CO|"lC. 1-3% 0” in C02
`
`9 safe oil transport in
`passenger car alc systems
`
`= compact systems
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`Thermal stability
`
`Standard test conditions: storing at
`
`220°C I 2 weeks I 50 bar C02
`
`9 Oil analysis in order to detect a
`decomposition which is indicated
`by a change in
`
`neutralization number
`
`viscosity
`
`chemical structure (IR analysis)
`
`Only special PAG I POE derivatives fulfill the
`
`requirements
`
`Conventional R134a-PAG are not useful
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`Thermal stability — oil after ageing: 2 weeks I 220°C I 50bar C02
`
`9 less ageing with
`RENISO ACC 46
`
`
`
`decreaseviscosity@40°C[%]
`
`conventional R134a PAG
`
`RENISO ACC 46
`
`(PAG for CO2)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`Lubrication properties — function of anti wear additives
`
`Mixed friction:
`
`Lubricating film is torn apart
`9 contact of roughness peaks
`9 no fluid friction (no hydro-dynamics)
`_) impact wear
`
`causes:
`
`high oil dilution with coz
`high loads in the bearing
`high temperature in lubricating gap
`on / off mode
`
`metal surface
`
`_
`_
`_
`Mixed friction
`
`'"e‘a'
`
`Hydro-dynamics
`
`Antiwear additives form protective reaction layer on the surface
`9 Protection against wear
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for HFO-1234yf:
`Requirements & solution
`
`1234yr
`°"3°"=°”2
`
`Oil requirements:
`
`Good refrigerant miscibility properties
`
`Reliable lubrication properties
`
`High stability in combination with HFO-1234yf
`
`Oil solution:
`
`POE OI’ FAG ...?
`
`RO\E/\O]:[\(O}r\n/\C R
`
`chem. structure POE
`
`chem. structure PAG
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for HFO-1234yf:
`Miscibility Behaviour
`
`Fuchs-PAG ISO VG 46
`
`Fuchs-POE ISO VG so
`
`...compared to
`PAG I R1 34a
`
`‘
`- se:I:ast‘iaon
`I
`3-
`--—‘-
`
`complete miscibility
`
`20
`10
`concentration
`
`40
`
`50
`
`I
`
`0
`
`10
`
`20
`
`30
`
`50
`
`A»oilinR1234yf]
`
`concentration [nnss% oil '
`
`234yf]
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for HFO-1234yf:
`Chemical Stability
`
`Sealed Tube Test acc. ASH RAE 97/1999
`
`Test conditions:
`
`30% HFO-1234yfI 70% oil I 175°C I 500h I Fe + Al + Cu metal coupons
`
`Comparison:
`FUCHS base fluid <—-) additivated products
`
`Increase in Neutralisation No. (Total Acid Number)
`in mgKOHIg (fresh oils: < 0,1)
`
`_
`_
`_
`FUCHS additivation:
`- stabilizer system
`, anti wear additive
`
`Water content [ppm]
`
`PAG
`base oil
`
`PAG
`add.
`
`poE
`base oil
`
`poE
`add.
`
`Comparison:
`
`conventional
`FAG ’ R134
`
`my —PAe<25oppm/Pomoppm IIII <on
`wet — PAG 800 ppm / POE 300 ppm
`N 0,5
`Additivation reduces the TAN significantly
`POE exhibits lower acid values: higher stability
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for Future Mobile A/C Systems:
`Conclusion
`
`C02:
`The necessary requirements for the refrigeration oil - adequate
`
`refrigerant miscibility, high thermal stability and enhanced wear
`protection (at mixed friction conditions) — can be fulfilled with newly
`
`developed PAG—based refrigeration oils that contain an effective
`antiwear and antioxidant additive system.
`
`HFO—1234yf:
`
`PAG and POE lubricants exhibit different refrigerant miscibility
`
`behaviour. POE has a smaller miscility gap than PAG. The chemical
`
`stability of both systems POE and PAG can be improved by
`choosing a suitable stabilizing additivation of the refrigeration oil.
`
`The lubrication properties of PAG / HFO-12234yf are currently under
`investigation.
`
`
`
`Thank you for your attention !
`
`Questions welcome ...!
`
`
`
`Refrigeration Oils for CO2
`RENISO ACC 46
`
`
`
`..a:333533;
`
`pVT diagram (Daniel Plot):
`RENISO ACC 46 I CO2
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